贫困类型、贫困观念与反贫困结构的变迁——世界贫困史的视野  

The Changes of Poverty Types,Poverty Perceptions and Anti Poverty Structures:From the Perspective of World Poverty History

作　　者：吴高辉 岳经纶[2] Wu Gaohui;Yue Jinglun

机构地区：[1]中南大学乡村振兴研究中心,长沙410087 [2]中山大学中国公管研究中心/政务学院,广州510275

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2023年第8期39-58,F0002,177,178,共23页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题(XSP2023FXZ012);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“促进困难群体共同富裕的社会政策体系建设研究”(22JZD025)。

摘　　要：世界现代化进程呈现出贫困现象全球化与反贫困目标欧美化的悖论,在现代性危机中去认识该悖论的产生原理,是贫困治理与社会政策学的基础性问题。从世界贫困史视野来看,贫困与反贫困的观念与结构总体上呈现出从个体文明与地方化到国际化与全球化的发展态势。从前现代世界到近代世界,在经济全球化、工业化与帝国主义、社会主义以及工人阶级激进主义运动等因素作用下,反贫困从穷人道德的污名化取向转向社会经济问题治理取向;“国家”逐步取代宗教慈善以及家庭、社区、行会等,承担起反贫困全球化的主要责任,并在这一过程中发展出了福利模式。进入当代世界,尽管反结构性贫困成为全球共识,但是大部分发展中国家不仅没有顺利实现西方式现代工业化目标,反而沦为一些欧美发达国家的附庸。深刻反思当代世界的贫困根源及反贫困实践依据,认真总结以中国为代表的发展中国家的反贫困理念、经验与模式,有助于真正推动第三世界具有主体性的反贫困理论建设与实践进程。The process of world modernization presents a paradox of globalization of poverty phenomena and the Europeanization of anti poverty goals.Understanding the principles behind this paradox in the crisis of modernity is a fundamental issue in poverty governance and social policy studies.From the perspective of world poverty history,the concepts and structures of poverty and anti poverty generally show a development trend from individual civilization and localization to internationalization and globalization.From the pre modern world to the modern world,numerous factors have led to a shift in anti poverty from the stigmatization of poor morality to the governance of socio-economic issues;The “state” gradually took on the main responsibility of anti poverty globalization and developed a welfare oriented model in this process.In the contemporary world,although anti structural poverty has become a global consensus,most developing countries have become vassals of some developed countries in Europe and America.The consensus on poverty reduction and the construction of welfare states have concealed the subjectivity of poverty in the vast number of third world countries,further widening the wealth gap and strengthening the anti poverty hegemony in an unequal world order.A profound reflection on the root causes of poverty in the contemporary world and the basis for anti poverty practice,and a careful summary of the anti poverty concepts,experiences,and models of developing countries represented by China,will help to truly promote the subjectivity of the anti poverty theory and practice process in the third world.

关 键 词：贫困 反贫困 宗教慈善 经济全球化 福利国家 中国式现代化 

分 类 号：F113.9[经济管理—国际贸易]