垃圾焚烧电站汽轮机低负荷高背压运行分析  

作　　者：苏天亨 刘艺 

机构地区：[1]广州广重企业集团有限公司,广州510000 [2]广东能效科技有限公司,广州510000

出　　处：《科技创新与应用》2023年第31期168-171,176,共5页Technology Innovation and Application

摘　　要：该文介绍垃圾焚烧电站目前的典型汽水与旁路系统,阐述目前行业停机不停炉工况的运行特点及企业生产现状,并针对国内外新建垃圾焚烧电站项目,用户的新工艺需求,提出汽轮机低负荷高背压工况运行的潜在风险。采用蒸汽透平的基本原理对汽轮机末级叶片的安全运行,振动风险进行评估,运用流体力学、工程热力学的基本分析方法对蒸汽在汽轮机流道的流场分布进行理论分析。发现汽轮机出现低负荷高背压的运行状态后,不但降低机组出力,同时影响机组的安全运行及末级动叶片寿命。该文给出6种可行的解决方案,对汽轮机末级动叶片零功率或负功率的工况进行限制,降低其出现频次,供垃圾焚烧电站行业相关从业及汽轮机设计人员在进行系统、产品设计时参考。This paper introduction to the current typical steam and bypass systems of waste incineration power plants,explaining the operating characteristics of shutdown the steam turbine without stopping the boiler and the current production status of enterprises in the industry.In view of the new projects and the new process requirements of waste incineration power plant both domestically and internationally,and presents the potential risks of low-load and high-back pressure operation of steam turbines.The safe operation and vibration risk assessment of the last-stage blades of the steam turbine are evaluated based on the basic principles of steam turbines.The theoretical analysis of the flow field distribution of steam in the turbine flow channel is conducted using the basic analysis methods of fluid mechanics and engineering thermodynamics.It is found that the low-load and high-back pressure operating state of the steam turbine not only reduces the unit's output but also affects the safe operation and service life of the last-stage moving blades.This article provides six feasible solutions to restrict the zero-power or negative-power operating conditions of the last-stage moving blades of the steam turbine,reducing their frequency of occurrence,which can be used as reference for relevant practitioners of waste incineration power station industry and turbine designers in system and product design.

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧电站 汽轮机 低负荷 高背压 运行分析 

分 类 号：TK262[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]