不同树形澳洲坚果‘O.C’坐果特征与产量的关系  

Effect of Setting Fruit Characteristics and Yield of ‘O.C’ Macadamia Nut in Different Tree Shapes

作　　者：何双凌[1] 岳海[1] 陈宇春 宁娅 贺熙勇[1] HE Shuangling;YUE Hai;CHEN Yuchun;NING Ya;HE Xiyong(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Macadamia Agricultural Engineering Research Center,Jinghong Yunnan 666100,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南省澳洲坚果农业工程研究中心,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2023年第5期7-12,36,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省盈江县澳洲坚果产业科技特派团(202104BI090004);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(云[2022]TG05号);云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(RF2023-14);“兴滇英才支持计划”项目。

摘　　要：为探究经不同修剪造形处理后澳洲坚果‘O.C’品种植株的冠层、坐果特征以及产量和品质之间的关系,通过对澳洲坚果‘O.C’品种进行4种不同修剪造形处理(其中对照组为不修剪),研究树体不同冠层特性、坐果特征、单株产量以及果实品质的变化情况。结果显示:(1)随着冠层高度的提升,叶面积指数呈显著降低趋势,整体表现为对照组(CK)>主干分层形(A处理)>疏散分层形(B处理)>多干开心形(C处理),而光合有效辐射则呈相反的趋势。(2)修剪造形处理明显改善了坐果特征,显著提高了不同冠层花序平均坐果数量,并随着冠层高度的提升呈现先升后降的趋势。与对照组相比,A处理每个花序的坐果数量分别提高20.04%(0~1 m)、36.18%(1~2 m)、52.00%(2~3 m)、66.43%(3~4 m)和52.13%(4~5 m),B处理次之。(3)修剪处理不仅显著提高坐果率和降低空花率,且提高了产量。与对照组相比,A处理的产量提高27.20%,B处理次之,表现为A处理>B处理>CK>C处理。(4)修剪处理显著提高果实品质,包括单个壳果和果仁的重量,以及脂肪、蛋白质和棕榈油酸的含量。不同处理之间的效果差异明显,B处理对单个壳果和果仁重量的提高最为显著,而C处理对脂肪酸含量的提高效果最大,但C处理的油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值却低于A处理。研究结果表明,A处理对产量的提升效果较好,而B处理和C处理则对品质改善效果较为优秀。该研究为澳洲坚果‘O.C’品种的树形改造和优化提供了重要的理论和实践依据。By performing four different pruning and shaping treatments on the‘O.C’variety of macadamia nuts with the control group not pruned,the variation of tree canopy and fruit setting characteristics,yield of individual tree and fruit quality,were studied.The results shows that:(1)As the height of the canopy increases,the leaf area index significantly decreased,It was shown CK>A-treatment>B-treatment>C-treatment,photo synthetically active radiation were all decreased.(2)Compared to the control,inflorescence with different fruit setting numbers was significant improvement,with the increase of canopy height,there is a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,Treatment A on the number of fruit setting per inflorescence was improved 20.04%(0-1m)、36.18%(1-2m)、52.00%(2-3m)、66.43%(3-4m)and 52.13%(4-5m)in different height of the canopy,Treatment B second place.(3)Pruning treatment significantly increased fruit setting rate,reduced empty flower rate,and had a significant impact on yield.It was shown A-treatment>B-treatment>CK>C-treatment.(4)The fruit quality was significantly improved,such as the weight of single shell fruit and kernel,and the content of fat,protein and Palmitoleic acid.Different treatments showed different performances.For example,after pruning,treatment B increased the weight of single shell fruit and kernel most significantly,while treatment C increased the fatty acid most,but the OL value of treatment C was lower than that of treatment A,Of these shapes,the effect of treatment A in yield(trunk layered)was better than other shape,the fruit quality of B-treatment and C-treatment was the better.This study provides important theoretical and practical basis for reformation and optimization of the macadamia tree canopy.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 整形修剪 冠层特性 坐果特征 脂肪酸 O/L值 

分 类 号：S759.82[农业科学—森林经理学] S682.31[农业科学—林学]