施肥量对西南桦林下幼龄云南红豆杉生长、生物量和紫杉醇含量的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Growth,Biomass and Taxol Content for Young Taxus yunnanensis in Betula alnoides Forests

作　　者：哏玉响宝 王春胜[2] 寸德志 杨发余 朱绍波 沈德周 李文志 尹加笔 刘瑞 宋志姣 GENYU Xiangbao;WANG Chunsheng;CUN Dezhi;YANG Fayu;ZHU Shaobo;SHEN Dezhou;LI Wenzhi;YIN Jiabi;LIU Rui;SONG Zhijiao(Dehong Forest and Grassland Resources Monitoring and Supervision Station,Mangshi Yunnan 678400,P.R.China;Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guagnzhou Guagndong 510520,P.R.China;Dehong Wildlife Shelter and Rescue Center,Mangshi Yunnan 678400,P.R.China;Dehong Seedling Management and Quality Supervision and Inspection station,Mangshi Yunnan 678400,P.R.China;Dehong Forestry Research Institute,Ruili Yunnan 678600,P.R.China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Baoshan University,Baoshan Yunnan 678000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]德宏州森林和草原资源监测监管总站,云南芒市678400 [2]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520 [3]德宏州野生动物收容救护中心,云南芒市678400 [4]德宏州种苗管理和质量监督检验站,云南芒市678400 [5]德宏州林业科学研究所,云南瑞丽678600 [6]保山学院资源环境学院,云南保山678000

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2023年第5期29-36,共8页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省曾杰专家工作站(202305AF150095);德宏州人工林下套种红豆杉造林项目。

摘　　要：探究施肥对西南桦林下套种云南红豆杉生长量、生物量及紫杉醇含量的影响,为西南桦人工林立体经营和林下云南红豆杉高效培育提供科学依据。设置5个施肥总量梯度[0(CK)、50、150、300、600 g/株复合肥(N︰P_(2)O_(5)︰K_(2)O=18︰18︰18)]分1~4次对西南桦林下套种的1 a生云南红豆杉开展施肥试验,每次施肥时对生长状况进行调查,施肥完成后1 a后在生长调查同时采集样株全株枝叶进行生物量和紫杉醇含量测定。结果显示:施肥对西南桦林下幼龄云南红豆杉生长具有显著促进作用,尤其是施肥后期,其增量差异更加明显。施肥完成后1 a(2020-10),最高施肥量处理的云南红豆杉地径、树高、冠幅较对照CK分别显著提升19.55%、18.77%、19.04%。云南红豆杉枝叶单株生物量和每公顷生物量亦均随施肥量增加而呈上升趋势,施肥量最高处理较对照组CK产量显著提升74.22%,但3个较低施肥量处理与对照CK差异不显著。然而,云南红豆杉枝叶紫杉醇含量随施肥量增加显著降低,受枝叶生物量影响,对照紫杉醇产量仅显著低于最大施肥量处理,且显著高于其它处理。因此,综合生长表现、枝叶生物量和紫杉醇产量,西南桦林下套种云南红豆杉的早期施肥总量不宜低于600 g/株。Effects of fertilization on growth performance,biomass and taxol content of young Taxus yunnanensis under Betula alnoides forests were explored to provide evidences for efficient cultivation of T.yunnanensi and forest compound management.Five fertilization treatments(0,50,150,300,600 g/stem in total amount)were conducted on one-year-old T.yunnanensi planted in B.alnoides forests.Growth dynamics during the fertilization experiment and one year after fertilization experiment were investigated,branch and leaf biomass as well as taxol content were also measured at the last investigation.Fertilization had a positive effect on growth of young T.yunnanensis,and their differences of increments were much higher.The ground diameter,tree height and crown width of the highest fertilization amount treatment were significantly increased by 19.55%,18.77%and 19.04%compared with the CK without fertilization.The branch and leaf biomass per tree or per hectare also showed a significant increasing trend with the increasing fertilizing amount,no significant difference was observed among the three lower fertilizing treatments and CK.However,taxol content was significantly negatively correlated with fertilizing amount,but the taxol yield of CK treatment only significantly lower than that of the highest fertilizing amount treatment due to the branch and leaf biomass.The fertilizing amount of young T.yunnanensis under B.alnoides forests should not be lower than 600 g/stem(compound fertilizer)based on the growth performance,branch and leaf biomass and taxol content.Lower fertilizing amount had no benefits on both the growth and biomass of young T.yunnanensis as well as the content and yield of taxol.

关 键 词：云南红豆杉 林下套种 施肥 生长和生物量 紫杉醇含量 

分 类 号：S791.49[农业科学—林木遗传育种]