核桃果实内源激素变化与果实品质关系  

Relationship Between Endogenous Hormone Changes and Fruit Quality of Walnut Fruit

作　　者：郝苑汝 葛香瑞 徐瑞 翟梅枝[1,2] HAO Yuanru;GE Xiangrui;XU Rui;ZHAI Meizhi(College of Forestry,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,P.R.China;Shaanxi Walnut Engineering and Technology Research Center,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省核桃工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2023年第5期45-54,75,共11页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：陕西省重点研发项目(2023-ZDLNY-18,2020NY-039)。

摘　　要：为探明核桃生长发育中内源激素与果实特性的关系,以‘香玲’和‘西林3号’核桃为试材,测定不同发育期果实中内源生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、玉米素(ZT)和脱落酸(ABA)含量,分析果实生长和综合品质变化,并探讨激素含量与果个变化和核仁营养品质变化的相关性。结果显示:(1)两个核桃品种的4种内源激素含量均随果实发育进程呈波浪状变化,且趋势相似。其中ABA和IAA峰值出现在6月份,GA和ZT峰值出现在5月份。整个发育过程中,4种内源激素ABA含量始终最高,GA含量最低。(2)随着果实生长发育,青果重、青果横纵径、坚果三径及均值呈上升趋势;核仁粗脂肪含量逐渐增加,‘香玲’和‘西林3号’的峰值分别为69.29%和69.13%。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量整体呈升-降-升的趋势,总酚和总黄酮含量则呈连续“W”形变化。(3)不同发育时期,不同内源激素与果实品质的相关性不同,‘香玲’粗脂肪含量与IAA、GA极显著负相关,‘西林3号’则与ABA、ABA/IAA、ABA/GA极显著负相关。研究结果表明,不同核桃品种果实中各种激素含量不同,在果实发育过程中的变化趋势各异,IAA、GA和ABA三种激素在果实生长发育过程中发挥了重要作用,生长初期有利于幼果发育和果实膨大,中期影响花芽在生理分化期的发育,中后期则有助于果实油脂合成与积累。In order to investigate the relationship between endogenous hormones and fruit characteristics of walnutduring the growth and development process,the experiment was conducted with'Xiangling'and'Xilin 3'walnuts as materials.Endogenous growth hormone(IAA),gibberellin(GA),zeatin(ZT)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents were determined in fruits at different developmental periods.Changes in fruit growth and integrated quality were analyzed.The correlation between hormone content and changes in fruit size and kernel nutritional quality was also explored.The results showed that:(1)The contents of the four endogenous hormones in both walnut varieties varied in a wavy manner with the fruit development process and the trends were similar.The peaks of ABA and IAA appeared in June,and the peaks of GA and ZT appeared in May.During the entire development process,the four endogenous hormones were consistently highest in ABA and lowest in GA.(2)With the growth and development of the fruit,the green fruit weight,green fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters,three diameters of the nut and the mean value showed an upward trend,kernel crude fat content gradually increased,with peak values of 69.29%and 69.13%for'Xiangling'and'Xilin 3',respectively,soluble sugar and soluble protein content showed an overall increasing-decreasing-increasing trend,while total phenol and total flavonoid content showed continuous W-shaped changes.(3)Different endogenous hormones had different correlations with fruit quality at different development periods.The crude fat content of‘Xiangling’was extremely significantly negatively correlated with IAA and GA,while‘Xilin 3’was extremely significantly negatively correlated with ABA,ABA/IAA,and ABA/GA.The results indicate that the contents of various hormones in the fruits of different walnut varieties were different,and the changing trends in the process of fruit development were different.

关 键 词：核桃 内源激素 生长发育 果实品质 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]