微生物菌剂菌肥对西瓜连作障碍的缓解作用  

The Alleviating Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Watermelon Continuous Cropping Obstacles

作　　者：朱诗君 王丽丽 金树权 汪峰 周金波 卢晓红 ZHU Shijun;WANG Lili;JIN Shuquan;WANG Feng;ZHOU Jinbo;LU Xiaohong(Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science/Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-Product Quality and Safety,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315101;Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]宁波市农业科学研究院/宁波市特色农产品质量安全检测与控制重点实验室,浙江宁波315101 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第28期48-53,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁波市农科院-中国农科院科技合作创新工程项目“设施瓜果主要连作障碍因子综合治理技术研发及应用”(2019CXG003);宁波市特色农产品质量安全检测与控制重点实验室开放课题基金。

摘　　要：为明确微生物菌剂菌肥对西瓜连作障碍方面的作用,设置普通有机肥+灭活微生物菌剂(CK)、普通有机肥+微生物菌剂(T_(1))、生物有机肥+灭活微生物菌剂(T_(2))、生物有机肥+微生物菌剂(T_(3))共4个处理,追踪西瓜的生长、产量品质以及土壤生物学特性的变化趋势。结果表明,T3能有效促进西瓜生长发育,对比西瓜幼苗期到膨果期的生长指标变化率,T3的主蔓长、茎粗以及叶绿素较CK分别提高18.04%、17.21%与20.09%。T3对西瓜蔓枯病与枯萎病有明显抑制作用,防效分别达到12.81%与9.32%。T3提高各批次西瓜果实产量,较CK分别提高18.59%、19.11%,使西瓜果实的可溶性固形物提高10.67%、13.26%,使维生素C提高6.42%、5.32%。此外,微生物菌剂菌肥还有利于改善土壤的生物学特性,相较于试验前,T3处理的酸性磷酸单酯酶高6.65%、脲酶活性高9.61%、过氧化氢酶活高3.23%、蔗糖酶活高3.43%。同时提高土壤细菌与放线菌生物量,降低真菌生物量,区系特征由真菌型向细菌型转变。综上所述,以生物有机肥底肥并追施微生物菌剂,可以促进西瓜生长,提高西瓜产量品质,抑制土传病害,同时改善土壤生物学特性,对西瓜连作障碍的缓解有一定的积极作用。To clarify the effect of microbial inoculants on watermelon continuous cropping obstacles,4 treatments including ordinary organic fertilizer+inactivated microbial inoculants(CK),ordinary organic fertilizer+microbial inoculants(T_(1)),biological organic fertilizer+inactivated microbial inoculants(T_(2)),bioorganic fertilizer+microbial inoculants(T_(3))were set,and the change of watermelon growth,yield and quality,and soil biological characteristics were tracked.The results showed that T_(3)could effectively promote the growth and development of watermelon.Compared with CK,the main vine length,stem thickness and chlorophyll of T_(3) increased by 18.04%,17.21%and 20.09%from seedling stage to fruit expansion stage,respectively.T_(3) had a significant inhibitory effect on watermelon vine blight and Fusarium wilt,with protection effect of 12.81%and 9.32%,respectively.T_(3) increased the yield of each batch of watermelon fruits by 18.59%and 19.11%,respectively,and increased the soluble solids by 10.67%and 13.26%,and vitamin C by 6.42%and 5.32%comparing with CK.In addition,the microbial inoculum fertilizer was also conducive to improving the biological characteristics of the soil.Compared with the data before the test,activity of acid phosphate monoesterase,urease,catalaseby and sucrose of T_(3) treatment were increased by 6.65%,9.61%,3.23%,and 3.43%,respectively.Furthermore,the biomass of soil bacteria and actinomycetes were increased,and the biomass of fungi was reduced,the flora characteristics changed from“fungal type”to“bacterial type”.In summary,using bio-organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer and topdressing microbial inoculants could promote watermelon growth,increase watermelon yield and quality,inhibit soil-borne diseases,and improve soil biological characteristics,which has a positive effect on alleviating watermelon continuous cropping obstacles.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂菌肥 西瓜 土传病害 连作障碍 土壤酶活 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学] S144.1[农业科学—园艺学]