福建省三明地区非洲菊根腐病病原菌生物学特性与杀菌剂田间筛选  

Biological Characteristics of Gerbera Root Rot Pathogen and Field Screening of Efficient Fungicides in Sanming of Fujian Province

作　　者：陈文乐 CHEN Wenle(Sanming Plant Protection and Inspection Station,Sanming,Fujian 365000)

机构地区：[1]三明市植保植检站,福建三明365000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第28期107-111,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：福建省农业农村厅“福建省2020年农作物有害生物预警与防控项目”(闽财农指【2019】95号)。

摘　　要：为明确福建省三明地区非洲菊根腐病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)生物学特性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定温度、pH、光、碳氮源对根腐病菌菌丝生长的影响,并测定11种供试药剂的田间防治效果,筛选对非洲菊根腐病安全高效的杀菌剂。试验结果表明,病原菌尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长最适温度为25℃;喜偏碱性环境,最适pH 8;光照对菌丝生长无显著影响,最适碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨。田间试验结果显示,3%甲霜灵·恶霉灵、1000亿cfu/g的复合芽孢杆菌和3亿cfu/g的哈茨木霉菌对非洲菊根腐病的防治效果较好,防效均超过75%,其中3%甲霜灵·恶霉灵防治效果最佳,施药后21 d防效为81.41%。明确非洲菊根腐病病原菌的生物学特性、筛选田间安全高效杀菌剂,可为非洲菊的安全生产栽培和根腐病的综合防控治理提供理论支撑。To clarify the biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum,the pathogen of gerbera root rot in Sanming,Fujian Province,the effects of temperature,pH,light,carbon and nitrogen sources on the mycelial growth of the root rot pathogen were determined by mycelial growth rate method,and the field control effects of 11 tested pesticides were tested to screen safe and effective fungicides against gerbera root rot.The results showed that the optimum growth temperature of pathogen was 25℃.It prefers alkaline environment,and the optimum pH value for mycelial growth is pH 8.Light had no significant effect on mycelial growth,and the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and peptone,respectively.The results of field experiments showed that 3%metalaxyl-hymexazol AS,100 billion cfu/g Bacillus compound WP and 300 million cfu/g Trichoderma harzianum WP had good control effects on root rot,and the control effects were more than 75%.Among them,3%metalaxyl-hymexazol AS 800 times solution had the best control effect,and the control effect was 81.41%after 21 d of application.Clarifying the biological characteristics of the pathogen of gerbera root rot and screening safe and efficient fungicides in the field will provide theoretical support for the safe production and cultivation of gerbera and the comprehensive prevention and control of gerbera root rot.

关 键 词：非洲菊 根腐病 尖孢镰刀菌 生物学特性 杀菌剂筛选 

分 类 号：S4818[农业科学—农药学]