社会主义新浪潮:张暖忻电影的实验美学、历史纪实和社会参与  

Socialist New Wave:Experimental Aesthetics,Historical Documentary Realism,and Social Commitment in Zhang Nuanxin's Film Practice

作　　者：王玲珍[1] WANG Ling-zhen(Department of East Asian Studies,Brown University,Providence RI02912,Rhodelsland,America)

机构地区：[1]美国布朗大学东亚系,罗得岛州普罗维登斯RI02912

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2023年第5期46-72,共27页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

摘　　要：张暖忻是中国改革开放新时期实验电影的先驱,在理论上率先提倡法国新浪潮和纪实长镜头,在实践中开创了主观纪实风格电影,为20世纪80年代中国新时期电影走向世界和多元化作出了杰出贡献。可是,作为中国社会主义女性电影人,张暖忻同以绝对男性为创作主体、提倡自由主义的法国新浪潮电影批评和实践之间到底是怎样一种关系?作为中国新浪潮电影的前卫,在20世纪80年代中后期,随着中国经济改革的深入、新兴的现代性主流话语的形成、性别差异的自然化以及中国具有世界影响力的第五代男性导演的崛起,她的立场和电影实践有着怎样的变化?在商业大潮席卷中国电影制作的20世纪90年代,她的挣扎和反思又是通过什么样的语言和电影风格表现出来?本文通过重新梳理法国电影新浪潮的历史、政治和艺术生成,通过分析中国新时期独特的社会文化多元异质场景,深入探讨张暖忻怎样批判借鉴世界电影艺术,坚持唯物历史观念和性别平等,将法国新浪潮美学社会主义化,在新的历史转折和世界化时期深刻反思并创新社会主义大众电影的不朽成就。Zhang Nuanxin was a pioneer in both the theory and practice of Chinese experimental cinema in the New Era.She was among the first to promote French New Wave and the Bazin long take theory,and she also spearheaded a subjective documentary style in her own filmmaking,contributing significantly to the pluralization as well as internationalization of Chinese cinema.As a socialist female film-maker,however,how did she negotiate a relationship with the French New Wave,dominated exclusively by liberal male directors?During the mid 1980s,when China deepened its economic reform,leading to the emergence of a new mainstream discourse of universal moderni-ty,the appearance of natural sexual difference,and the rise of the fifth generation of Chinese filmmakers,how did Zhang respond to the changes in her film practice?Witnessing the unprecedented commercialization of Chinese film production in the 1990s,how did she struggle to convey her social and cultural reflections and through what kind of film language and style?This article explores Zhang's important achievements in renewing socialist popular cinema in a period of historical transition and globalization.It examines how she made critical use of Western film art and theory on the one hand and adhered to historical materialism and socialist gender equality on the other.The article also compares the French New Wave and Zhang's filmmaking,(re)tracing the historical,political and artistic formation of the French New Wave and analyzing the unique historical context of the Chinese New Era where diverse and heterogeneous sociopolitical practices and intellectual discourses coexisted.

关 键 词：中国新时期多元异质历史场景 社会主义性别平等和思想解放 法国电影新浪潮 中国电影新浪潮 中国20世纪80-90年代女性电影 张暖忻 

分 类 号：J973.3[艺术—电影电视艺术]