基于多源遥感数据的珠峰自然保护区冰川监测研究  

Glacier monitoring in Qomolangma Nature Reserve based on multi-source remote sensing data

作　　者：冀琴 张翠兰 丁悦凯 曹香芹 梁文莉 JI Qin;ZHANG Cuilan;DING Yuekai;CAO Xiangqin;LIANG Wenli(Chongqing Key Laboratory of GIS Application,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学GIS应用研究重庆市高校重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2023年第10期1591-1601,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071277);重庆市教委科学技术研究计划项目(KJQN202200526);重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究项目(22SKSZ030);重庆师范大学基金项目(22XLB003);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210637008)资助。

摘　　要：冰川物质平衡是反映气候变化的重要指标,对于区域生态环境评估和灾害防治具有重要意义。采用Landsat系列遥感影像,运用比值阈值法和目视解译法,获取1990—2020年珠峰自然保护区内的冰川边界,研究冰川面积分布与变化特征,同时基于差分干涉测量短基线时序分析(SBASInSAR)技术监测区域冰川形变特征,并分析冰川物质平衡过程。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年珠峰自然保护区冰川持续退缩,且近10 a退缩趋势更为显著。保护区内冰川总面积退缩247.16 km²,变化率为-18.92%。(2)保护区冰川主要分布在海拔5400~6200 m和坡度10°~15°范围内,其中5400~5600 m和10°~15°范围内冰川退缩最为显著。(3)2020年珠峰自然保护区冰川形变速率介于-129.069~140.252 mm·a^(-1)之间,冰川表面形变在海拔4200~4400 m和40°~45°处沉降最为严重。(4)气温上升、降水减少可能是导致珠峰自然保护区冰川物质亏损的主要因素。同时,空间气候差异和地形等因素也可能是导致冰川物质平衡差异的重要因素。Glacier mass balance is a crucial indicator of climate change and is of great significance for assessing the regional ecological environment,thereby preventing and controlling glacier disasters.Based on Landsat series images,the ratio threshold method and visual interpretation method are applied to extract the glacier boundaries of Qomolangma Nature Reserve from 1990 to 2020.Moreover,the distribution and change characteristics of the glacier area in the past 30 years are investigated while the regional glacier deformation characteristics are monitored based on SBAS-InSAR technology to invert the changes in the glacier mass balance.The following results were observed.(1)From 1990 to 2020,the glacier area in the Qomolangma Nature Reserve continuously retreated,with this trend becoming much more prevalent in the last 10 years.Moreover,the total glacier area shrank by 247.16 km2 with a change rate of−18.92%.(2)The glaciers in the Qomolangma Nature Reserve were mostly situated at an altitude of 5400-6200 m and a slope of 10°-15°,and the highest ice loss occurred at an altitude of 5400-5600 m and a slope of 10°-15°.(3)In 2020,the average glacier deformation rate was between−129.069 mm·a^(-1) and 140.252 mm·a^(-1).The subsidence and surface deformation of glaciers are most severe at altitudes of 4200-4400 m and a slope of 40°-45°.(4)Rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation are believed to be the main causes of most glacier material losses in the Qomolangma Nature Reserve.Meanwhile,spatial climate and topographic differences may affect mass balance changes.

关 键 词：多源遥感 SBAS-InSAR 冰川面积 物质平衡 珠峰自然保护区 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学] P237[天文地球—地球物理学]