植物耐盐分子机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Plant Salt Tolerance

作　　者：周扬 王鹏 李雨欣 ZHOU Yang;WANG Peng;LI Yuxin(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry(School of Agricultural and Rural Aff airs,School of Rural Revitalization),Hainan University/Hainan Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院、乡村振业学院)/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口570228

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第10期97-109,共13页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金(318QN189);海南省教育厅项目(Hnky2021-19,Qhys2021-248)。

摘　　要：盐胁迫是影响植物生长发育的重要非生物胁迫之一,严重制约农业生产和经济发展,盐渍化农田的利用已成为一个世界性问题。研究植物耐盐机理、培育耐盐植物新品种对充分利用盐渍化农田具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。目前,越来越多参与盐胁迫应答的基因被发现和揭示。当植物处于高盐环境时,细胞中的多种蛋白参与盐胁迫响应。细胞壁上的类受体激酶和细胞壁的组分对盐胁迫产生应答,细胞膜上的GIPC鞘脂作为Na+受体与Na+结合后引起细胞表面电势变化,产生钙信号以激活下游调控通路,细胞膜上的钾离子通道蛋白和Na+/H+逆转运蛋白介导Na+流入和外排。液泡膜上的Na+/H+逆转运蛋白将细胞质中过多的Na+区隔化至液泡内。此外,转录因子也参与植物适应盐胁迫的转录调控,在植物耐盐调控中起重要作用。本文基于耐盐调控因子的亚细胞定位,综述近几年已报道的植物耐盐分子机制,总结耐盐基因在提高植物耐盐性中的作用,并对其应用前景进行展望,旨在为植物耐盐分子育种提供参考、为盐渍化农田改良提供科学依据。Salt stress is one of the important abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development,and it seriously restricts agricultural production and economic development.The utilization of salinized farmland has been a worldwide problem.It is of great theoretical significance and application value to study the mechanism of plant salt tolerance and cultivate new varieties of salt-tolerant plants to make full use of salinized farmland.At present,a growing number of genes involved in salt stress response have been discovered and revealed.When plants exposed to high-salt environment conditions,many proteins in plant cells are involved in salt stress response.The receptor-like kinases and components of the cell wall respond to salt stress.The glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide on the cell membrane acts as a Na+receptor and binds to Na+,then it causes changes in cell surface to generate calcium signals to activate downstream regulatory pathways.The plasma membrane potassium channel proteins and Na+/H+antiporter mediate Na+influx and exclusion,and the tonoplast Na+/H+antiporter compartments the excess Na+in the cytoplasm into the vacuole.In addition,transcription factors also participate in the transcriptional regulation of plant adaptation to salt stress,and play important roles in the regulation of plant salt tolerance.In this study,the molecular mechanisms of salt-tolerant genes reported in recent years were reviewed based on their localization in plant cells,their functions in improving plant salt tolerance were summarized,and application potential of salt-tolerant genes were prospected,with an aim to provide references for plant salt-tolerance molecular breeding and scientific basis for salinized farmland improvement.

关 键 词：盐胁迫 转录调控 耐盐调控 转基因植物 分子育种 

分 类 号：S332.1[农业科学—作物遗传育种]