美国行政法上的机构协调及其借鉴  

Agency Coordination in US Administrative Law and Lessons Learned

作　　者：徐曦昊 宋华琳[1] Xu Xihao;Song Hualin

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院 [2]美国纽约大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2023年第6期78-95,共18页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“突发重大公共卫生事件防控的法治体系研究”(项目编号:20&ZD188)的阶段性成果;国家留学基金资助。

摘　　要：机构协调是美国行政法处理行政管辖碎片化、重叠化问题,增强行政效能的重要内部行政法举措。美国机构协调的制度体系主要包括国会和总统对机构协调的外部控制措施,行政机构自主开展的协调规则制定和协调裁决等要素。非正式协调、信息科技等对美国机构协调也具有重要影响。除遵守普通行政程序外,美国机构协调还在意见咨询、行政公开和说明理由方面具有特殊的程序设计。美国机构协调的司法审查主要从四方面展开,即协调组织是否属于行政机关、机构协调是否违反“单方接触”、协调制定的行政规范是否具有效力和机构协调执法的合法性要求。借鉴美国经验,结合我国实际,宜从理论内化、规则创制、程序约束与法院审查等方面入手,建立健全我国行政法上的机构协调制度。Agency coordination is an important internal administrative law tool in the United States for dealing with the fragmentation and overlap of administrative jurisdiction and enhancing administrative effectiveness. The institutional system of agency coordination in the United States consists mainly of the external congressional and presidential oversight of agency coordination, as well as elements such as coordinated rulemaking and coordinated adjudication carried out by administrative agencies on their own. Informal coordination and information technology also have a significant impact on U.S. agency coordination. In addition to adherence to ordinary administrative procedures, U.S. agency coordination has a special procedural design in terms of consultation, administrative disclosure, and justification. Judicial review of U.S. agency coordination is mainly carried out from four aspects: whether the coordinating organization is legally an agency, whether the agency coordination violates the principle of unilateral contact, whether the administrative rules formulated in coordination are effective, and the legality requirements of the agency coordination and law enforcement. Drawing on the experience of the United States, and taking into account the actual situation in China, it is appropriate to start from the internalization of the theory, the creation of rules, the procedural constraints and judicial review to establish and improve the system of institutional coordination in China's administrative law.

关 键 词：机构协调 内部行政法 行政管辖 比较行政法 

分 类 号：DD912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学] D971.2