法律保留原则中的全面保留理论  

The Doctrine of Total Reservations in the Context of the Principle of Statutory Reservation

作　　者：程皓楠 Cheng Haonan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2023年第6期128-142,共15页SJTU Law Review

摘　　要：相较立宪君主制时期的宪法,德国基本法确立了人民主权原理,重构了国家与人民之间的关系。全面保留理论立基于这一宪法结构的变迁,主张因人民缔造宪法并分配国家权力,议会享有至高的优越地位,行政权全面依赖立法权。因此,要求法律保留扩展至特别权力关系领域与给付行政领域,并要求授权法具有明确性与可预见性。该理论将议会民主高扬到极致,因而遭受功能主义分权理论与实质法治国理论的抨击,但其民主性要素被重要性理论吸收进而发挥影响力,在德国法律保留理论的脉络中起到了承继作用。In contrast to the constitution of the constitutional monarchy, the German Basic Law established the principle of popular sovereignty and restructured the relationship between the State and the people. The doctrine of total reservation is based on this change in the constitutional structure and asserts that, since the people create the constitution and distribute the powers of the State, the parliament enjoys supremacy and the executive power is fully dependent on the legislative power. Therefore, it requires that the statutory reservation be extended to the areas of special power relations and the supply administration, and that the delegated legislation be clear and predictable. This theory, which promotes parliamentary democracy to the extreme, has been attacked by the functionalism theory of the separation of powers and the theory of essential legalism, but its democratic elements have been absorbed by the materiality theory and have become influential, playing a role in the lineage of the German theory of statutory reservation.

关 键 词：法律保留 全面保留 宪法变迁 授权立法 依法律行政 

分 类 号：DD911[政治法律—法学] D951.6