欧盟绿色产业新政的雄心及困境  

The Ambition and Limits of the EU’s New Green Industrial Deal

作　　者：董一凡[1] 赵宏图[2] Dong Yifan;Zhao Hongtu(Institute of European Studies,CICIR;Director of the Energy Security Research Center,CICIR)

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院欧洲研究所 [2]中国现代国际关系研究院能源安全研究中心

出　　处：《和平与发展》2023年第5期102-127,176,共27页Peace and Development

摘　　要：2023年2月,欧盟委员会发布《净零时代的绿色协议产业计划》,这是欧盟近年来首份就支持绿色产业发展而制定的产业政策。它的出台表明,面对地缘政治紧张、绿色产业竞争加剧以及能源经济转型的内驱动力,欧盟在积极推进绿色转型、鼓励绿色产业的基础上,将以“聚焦竞争”“政府主导”的产业政策引领绿色产业的发展,这与欧盟以往的绿色产业政策大相径庭。它与2023年3月以来相继发布的《净零工业法》、《关键原材料法》、“氢银行”战略等针对部分关键领域的法案,共同构成了欧盟绿色产业新政的政策框架、政策目标和实施路径。鉴于欧盟绿色产业新政浓厚的保护主义和地缘政治色彩,它的推行恐将给全球绿色产业发展及相关供应链带来负面影响,将中国设定为“去风险”目标的做法也会给中欧相关合作带来冲击,不利于实现其绿色产业发展和能源转型的目标。In February 2023,the European Commission published the“Green Deal Industrial Plan for the Net-Zero Age”,which is the first industrial policy developed by the EU in recent years to support the development of green industries.Its introduction shows that in the face of growing geopolitical tensions,intensified competition in green industry and the internal driving force wrought by energy economic transformation,the EU will lead the development of green industry with a“competition-focused”and“government-led”industrial policy on the basis of actively promoting green transformation and encouraging green industry.This is a major departure from the EU’s previous green industrial policies.In order to enhance the competitiveness and influence of its green industry and rules,and achieve the“de-risk”of the supply chain,the EU has constructed a green industry New Deal that includes encouraging the development of production capacity and innovation capacity,boosting active government intervention,embedding protectionist policies and carrying out“camp”cooperation.Given the strong protectionist and geopolitical overtones of the Green New Deal,its implementation may have a negative impact on the development of the global green industry and related supply chains,and the practice of setting China as a“de-risk”target will also have an impact on the relevant China-EU cooperation,which is not conducive to its goal of green industry development and energy transformation.

关 键 词：绿色产业政策 去风险 产业链韧性 中欧关系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]