不同培育方式对冷季犊牦牛体重和养殖效益的影响  

Effects of different breeding methods on body weight and breeding benefit of calf yaks in cold season

作　　者：毛红霞 李红梅 赵元芳 牛晓丽 石红梅 MAO Hongxia;LI Hongmei;ZHAO Yuanfang;NIU Xiaoli;SHI Hongmei(Animal Husbandry Station,Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Hezuo 747000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘南藏族自治州畜牧工作站,甘肃合作747000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2023年第20期129-133,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为了研究不同培育方式对冷季犊牦牛体重和养殖效益的影响,试验选取已阉割、生长发育良好、体重相近(平均体重为60 kg)、健康的6月龄甘南牦牛公犊牛100头,按照不同培育方式分为5个处理(A1、A2、B1、B2、对照),每个处理20头。处理A1、A2均采用“传统牧户自建简易棚圈(简棚)全舍饲”的培育方式,分别饮用温水(25℃)和冷水(未加热的自来水);处理B1、B2分别采用“放牧+高寒牧区标准化暖棚(暖棚)补饲”的培育方式和“放牧+简棚补饲”的培育方式,均饮用温水;对照采用“放牧+简棚补饲”的培育方式,饮用冷水。另设挤乳组和哺乳组,每个处理随机选择10头犊牛作为挤乳组,其余作为哺乳组,每组50头,挤乳组对应的母牛(1头犊牛对应1头母牛)每日挤乳1次,同时为犊牛少量哺乳;全哺乳组对应的母牛(1头犊牛对应1头母牛)只给犊牛哺乳,不挤乳。预试期8 d,正试期89 d,分别测定各处理和各组试验期间的总增重和相对生长率,并测算养殖效益。结果表明:处理A1的总增重和相对生长率均显著高于处理A2(P<0.05),处理B1的总增重和相对生长率均显著高于处理B2(P<0.05),以上4个处理的总增重、相对生长率均显著高于对照处理(P<0.05)。处理A1的利润显著高于处理A2(P<0.05),处理B1的利润显著高于处理B2(P<0.05);4个处理中,处理B1的利润最高,显著高于其他4个处理(P<0.05);然后依次为处理B2、处理A1、对照、处理A2;处理B2与处理A1之间差异不显著(P>0.05);处理A2的利润最低,为负值,显著低于其他4个处理(P<0.05)。全哺乳组的总增重、相对生长率和利润均显著高于挤乳组(P<0.05)。说明冷季使用暖棚和饮用温水是提高犊牦牛生长速度和养殖效益的有效途径;而挤乳会导致犊牦牛的营养摄入不足并增加劳务支出,不利于犊牛生长和养殖效益提升,因此应大力推广犊牦牛全哺乳培育方式。In order to study the effect of different breeding methods on body weight and breeding benefit of calf yaks in the cold season,in this experiment,100 healthy Gannan yak bulls of 6 months old who had been castrated,had good growth and development and had similar weight(average weight of 60 kg)were selected and divided into 5 treatments(A1,A2,B1,B2,and control)according to different breeding methods,with 20 heads in each treatment.The treatments of A1 and A2 were given“traditional herdsmen self-built simple shed(simple shed)with house feeding and breeding”,warm water drinking(25℃)and cold water(unheated tap water)respectively.The treatments of B1 and B2 were treated by“grazing+standardized warm shed(warm shed)supplementary feeding in alpine pastoral areas”,and“grazing+simple shed supplementary”feeding method,respectively,both with warm water drinking.The control was based on“grazing+simple shed supplementary feeding”and cold water drinking.Milking group and lactation group were set up.10 calves in each treatment were randomly selected as the milking group,and the rest as the lactation group,with 50 calves in each group.Cows in the milking group(1 calf for 1 cow)were milked once a day,and calves were given a small amount of lactation at the same time.The corresponding cows in the whole lactation group(1 calf for 1 cow)only breastfed the calves and did not milk them.The pre-test period was 8 days and the normal test period was 89 days.The total weight gain and relative growth rate during each treatment and each group were measured respectively,and the breeding benefit was measured.The results showed that the total weight gain and relative growth rate of treatment A1 were significantly higher than those of treatment A2(P<0.05).The total weight gain and relative growth rate of treatment B1 were significantly higher than those of treatment B2(P<0.05).The total weight gain and relative growth rate of the above four treatments were significantly higher than those of the control treatment(P<0.05).The prof

关 键 词：犊牦牛 培育方式 挤乳 全哺乳 养殖效益 简棚 暖棚 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]