黄河水库河道泥沙跨年接续调节技术实践  

Technology Practices of Inter⁃Annual Sediment Regulation in Yellow River Reservoirs

作　　者：孙赞盈[1,2] 刘彦晖 尚红霞 张原锋[1,2] 魏铭 肖千璐[1,2] SUN Zanying;LIU Yanhui;SHANG Hongxia;ZHANG Yuanfeng;WEI Ming;XIAO Qianlu(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Lower Yellow River Channel and Estuary Regulation,MWR,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [3]河海大学,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第11期34-38,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKYJBYW-2019-07);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200400);河南省自然科学基金面上项目(212300410373);国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(U2243220);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42041004,52009047)。

摘　　要：为实现三门峡和小浪底水库排沙增容的同时不导致黄河下游河道排洪能力降低,利用黄河下游河道的水沙资料、河道统测淤积断面资料,采用险工水尺资料分析方法,分析小浪底水库排沙量最大的3 a(2018—2020年)三门峡和小浪底水库冲刷恢复情况、洪水期黄河下游的冲淤情况(沙量法计算结果)、纵向和横向的冲淤情况(断面法计算结果)、同流量水位变化和平滩流量变化等。分析结果表明,在水库排沙期将水库排沙淤积在黄河下游容沙量大的宽河道,在其他时期将淤积物逐渐冲刷带走,高村以下河道的排洪能力不但没有减弱,反而显著增强。这种水库河道泥沙跨年接续调节技术在现行河道上是现实可行的,并提出了相关建议。In order to study the increase in capacity of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi sediment discharge without reducing the flood carrying capacity of the lower reaches of the Yellow River,by making full use of the water and sediment information of the lower reaches of the Yellow River,the information of the river statistic siltation cross⁃section,and the method of analysis of the dangerous water scale information,we analyzed the recovery of the flushing of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs in the three years with the largest sediment discharge from 2018 to 2020,the flushing and siltation of the sediment quantity method in the lower reaches of the Yellow River during the flood period,the section method in the longitudinal and lateral scouring and siltation,water level with the same flow and variation of bankfull discharge in the Yellow River.The results show that by silting the reservoir discharge in the wide channel with large sediment capacity in the lower Yellow River during the sediment discharge period and gradually scouring the silt away in other periods,the flood carrying capacity of the river channel below Gaocun is not only not decreased but also increased significantly.It is concluded that this technique of co⁃ordinated cross-year succession regulation of reservoir channel sediment is realistic and feasible for the current river.

关 键 词：泥沙 跨年调节 水库排沙 河道 排洪能力 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV697.1TV882.1