一种可快速估算环境放射性污染所致公众外照射剂量的新软件  

A new software for rapid estimation of external dose to the public due to environmental radioactive contamination

作　　者：汪景航 陈波[1] 卓维海[1] Wang Jinghang;Chen Bo;Zhuo Weihai(Institute of Radiation Medicine,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学放射医学研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2023年第10期805-811,共7页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12175043)。

摘　　要：目的开发便于快速估算环境放射性污染所致公众成员外照射剂量的应用软件。方法基于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)提供的数据,创建公众(成人与不同年龄组儿童)在不同环境暴露情形下的外照射剂量率转换系数数据库;在Windows操作系统内利用Python语言编写数据调用与计算程序,并借助PyQt工具包设计软件界面;为测试该软件的计算结果,试算了几种最可能出现放射性核素在3种环境暴露情景下所致公众成员的外照射剂量差异,并开展了合理性分析。结果本研究开发软件可在带Windows系统的个人电脑上快速完成放射性核素污染外照射所致公众的器官当量剂量与全身有效剂量的估算,计算结果合理。结果表明,公众成员的年龄越小,器官当量剂量和有效剂量通常越大;对于相同活度浓度且达到放射性平衡90Sr的土壤表面污染和水体污染,婴儿的有效剂量约为成人的6.08倍和2.51倍。结论本研究开发的软件具有操作简单、计算速度快等优点,适用于核事故应急等情形下快速估算公众成员外照射剂量。Objective To develop a software for rapid estimation of external dose to the public due to environmental radioactive contamination.Methods Based on the data provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP),a database of the conversion coefficients of external dose rates for the public(adult and children of different age groups)under different environmental exposure scenarios was created.The programs of data search and calculation were written using Python language,and the software interface was designed using PyQt toolkit.To test the calculation results,the differences in external doses to different age groups of the public caused by most likely produced radionuclides under three environmental exposure scenarios were calculated,and their rationalities were analyzed.Results The software can immediately complete the estimation of the organ equivalent doses and the effective dose due to the external exposure form environmental contamination by using a personal computer with a Windows system,and its results are reasonable.The test results showed that the younger the public members,the larger the organ dose and effective dose.For soil surface and water contaminated with 90Sr with the same activity concentration reaching radioactive equilibrium,the effective dose to infants was about 6.08 times and 2.51 times those to adults,respectively.Conclusions The software developed in this study has the advantages of simple operation and fast calculation,and is suitable for rapid estimation of external dose to the public members of different age groups in emergency situations such as nuclear accidents.

关 键 词：放射性污染 外照射 当量剂量 有效剂量 软件工具 

分 类 号：R144[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]