调理剂对水稻产量及酸性土壤性质的影响研究  

Effects of Conditioner on Rice Yield and Acid Soil Properties

作　　者：王荣辉 李宇苗[4] 姚建武 曾瑞锟 李彤[1,2,3] 唐明灯 宁建凤 WANG Ronghui;LI Yumiao;YAO Jianwu;ZENG Ruikun;LI Tong;TANG Mingdeng;NING Jianfeng(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510640;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation,Guangzhou 510640;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640;Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Service Center of Yangshan County,Qingyuan,Guangdong 513100)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室,广州510640 [2]广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640 [3]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广州510640 [4]阳山县农业科技推广服务中心,广东清远513100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第29期46-51,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：“清远市阳山县耕地质量保护与提升项目”(ZHS-KY2021HX045);广东省农业科学院院长基金“华南菜地蔬菜产量和氮素淋溶对氮肥减量的响应”(202004);广东省农业科学院低碳中心与碳中和研究中心项目(XTXM202204);广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212050019)。

摘　　要：研究旨在通过施用不同材料源土壤调理剂在不同用量下对水稻产量、生物量、生物学特征、氮磷钾元素含量及土壤养分等指标变化规律,揭示其与土壤调理剂施用量之间的关系。用电石废渣、矿场废弃物和石灰作为原材料制得的3种酸性土壤调理剂,设置低(750 kg/hm^(2))、中(1125 kg/hm^(2))和高(1500 kg/hm^(2))3个用量,在水稻插秧前一天施入,收获时观测作物产量、生物量等生物学特征和土壤养分特征。结果表明:不同原料土壤调理剂对水稻产量影响随用量增加,各处理产量、剑叶长度均表现为先增加后减少的趋势,剑叶宽无明显规律,土壤p H总体呈提高趋势,对有机质、全量养分影响差异不显著,土壤中有效钾含量显著降低,有效磷含量在3种调理剂高用量时显著降低。总体上以电石废渣为原料,中用量处理(T_(1)M)水稻产量最高8062.5 kg/hm^(2),较对照高11.2%,差异达到显著水平,效果较好。合理施用酸性土壤调理剂能够提高酸化土壤农田水稻产量,不同来源和用量对水稻产量等生理指标影响差异较大,建议酸化土壤上大规模施用调理剂前进行必要的探索试验。To reveal the relationship between the application amounts of soil conditioners from different material sources and the change rules of rice yield,biomass,biological characteristics,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents,and soil nutrients under different dosages,three kinds of acid soil conditioner were prepared with calcium carbide waste slag,mine waste and lime as source materials,and three dosages of lowlevel(750 kg/hm^(2)),medium-level(1125 kg/hm^(2))and high-level(1500 kg/hm^(2))were applied on the day before rice transplanting.Biological characteristics of crop yield,biomass and soil nutrient characteristics were observed during harvest period.The results showed that the effects of conditioners from different raw materials on rice yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of application amount.The yield and leaf length of each treatment showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,while the leaf width showed no obvious rule.The pH value of soil showed a trend of increasing generally,and there was no significant difference in the effects on organic matter and total nutrients.The content of available potassium decreased obviously,and the content of available phosphorus decreased significantly at the high dosage of the three conditioners.In general,with calcium carbide waste slag as raw material,the rice yield of medium dosage treatment(T_(1)M)was 8062.5 kg/hm^(2),11.2%higher than that of the control,the difference reached a significant level,and the effect was good.Rational application of acid soil conditioner can improve rice yield in acidified soil.Different sources and application dosages have great differences in the effects on rice yield and other physiological indexes.It is suggested that necessary exploration tests should be carried out before large-scale application of acid soil conditioner.

关 键 词：酸性土壤 调理剂 产量 生物量 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S511.33[农业科学—作物学] S156.6