南平市稻田土壤养分变化趋势分析  

Trend Analysis of Rice Field Soil Nutrition Change in Nanping

作　　者：朱爱玲 ZHU Ailing(Nanping Farm Fundamental Construction and Soil Fertilizer Technology Promotion Station,Nanping,Fujian 354200)

机构地区：[1]福建省南平市农田建设与土壤肥料技术推广站,福建南平354200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第29期52-58,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：福建省中央农业资源及生态保护补助项目“2017年福建省耕地质量提升和化肥减量增效项目”(闽财农指[2017]87号),“2018年福建省耕地质量提升和化肥减量增效项目”(闽财农指[2018]93号),“2019年福建省耕地质量提升和化肥减量增效项目”(闽财农指[2019]2号),“2020年福建省化肥减量增效项目”(闽财农指[2020]59号),“2021年福建省化肥减量增效项目”(闽财农指[2020]95号)。

摘　　要：了解和掌握南平市稻田土壤肥力状况和变化趋势,为合理施肥提供依据。对南平市2017—2021年每年543个稻田土壤定点取样的养分检测数据进行分析,结果表明:稻田土壤为酸性,pH总体有所提升;有机质含量属中等水平,总体呈下降趋势,但含量较缺乏、中等水平的比例提高,较丰富、丰富水平的比例减少;碱解氮含量属中等水平,但总体呈降低趋势;速效磷含量属丰富水平,缺乏与中等水平的比例下降,丰富水平比例上升;速效钾含量属于中等水平,缺乏水平的比例下降,较丰富、丰富水平的比例上升。稻田土壤有机肥和无机肥的合理配施是维持农业可持续发展的关键土壤培肥措施,在化肥施用上应根据不同区域采取平衡施肥,控氮、稳钾、因地施磷,大配方、小调整的施肥原则。To explore and monitor soil fertility in rice field and its variation trend,and provide basis for rational fertilizing,nutrition analysis was conducted on paddy soil data among 2017 to 2021,which was collected annually from 543 sites in Nanping City.The results showed that paddy soil was acid,the overall pH value maintained an upward trend over time;the average content of soil organic matter was at middle level,the overall trend was downward,the proportion of middle and low level sample increased,while that of mid-high and high level sample decreased;the average content of available N(nitrogen)was at middle level,and declined over time;the average content of available P(phosphorus)was at high level,the proportion of low and middle level sample dropped,while that of mid-high and high level sample raised;the average content of available K(potassium)was at middle level,the proportion of low level sample went down,while proportion of middle,mid-high and high level went up.Through the analysis,a fertilization strategy was proposed for paddy soil,in which organic manure will be used jointly with chemical fertilizer with a rational ratio to maintain sustainable agricultural development.In terms of chemical fertilizer,formula should be adjusted according to soil fertility conditions in different regions,a balanced fertilization will be achieved by controlling N level,stabilizing K level and providing P in necessity.

关 键 词：水田 土壤 养分 变化趋势 分析 

分 类 号：S158.1[农业科学—土壤学]