五轴联动数控刀具切削加工误差非线性插补方法研究  

Research on nonlinear interpolation method for error compensation in five-axis coordinated numerical control tool cutting

作　　者：王颖[1] Wang Ying(Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute,Shaanxi Xianyang,712000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西工业职业技术学院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《机械设计与制造工程》2023年第10期84-88,共5页Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：陕西省职业技术教育学会课题(SGKCSZ2020-150);陕西工业职业技术学院科研资助项目(2023YKYB-034)。

摘　　要：在五轴联动数控刀具切削加工过程中,机床摆心运动轨迹和刀具运动轨迹之间的误差导致加工精度难以保持较高水平,为此提出五轴联动数控刀具切削加工误差非线性插补方法。分析刀具切削加工误差产生的原因,获得理想刀轴矢量,通过插值处理两旋转轴的运动角度,获得实际刀轴矢量误差。通过计算刀轴控制点的距离偏移值,调整刀位和刀闸位置,并使用线性补偿位移调整刀具的位移。同时,根据角度变化计算误差插补量,进一步优化刀具运行轨迹,以确保刀具轨迹始终与理想轨迹保持一致,从而实现五轴联动数控刀具运行轨迹的位移补偿。经实验验证,采用所提方法开展误差插补后,五轴联动数控刀具运行误差小,且运行轨迹贴近理想轨迹。In the process of 5-axis linkage CNC tool cutting,the error between the machine tool's swing motion trajectory and the tool motion trajectory makes it difficult to maintain a high level of machining accuracy.Therefore,a non-linear interpolation method for the cutting error of 5-axis linkage CNC tool is proposed.The causes of tool cutting errors is analyzed,the ideal tool axis vector is obtained,and the motion angles of the two rotating axes are interpolated to obtain the actual tool axis vector error.By calculating the distance offset value of the tool axis control point,it adjusts the tool position and knife gate position,and uses linear compensation displacement to adjust the tool displacement.At the same time,error interpolation is calculated based on angle changes to further optimize the tool trajectory,the tool trajectory always remains consistent with the ideal trajectory,thereby achieves the displacement compensation for the five axis linkage CNC tool trajectory.Based on the experiment data it uses the proposed method for error interpolation,the running error of the five axis linkage CNC tool is small,and the running trajectory is close to the ideal trajectory.

关 键 词：五轴联动数控刀具 切削加工 非线性插补 轮廓误差 偏摆误差 

分 类 号：TP391.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]