作为客观诉讼的环境行政公益诉讼  

On Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation as an Objective Litigation

作　　者：王作化 喻怀峰[2] 刘霞 WANG Zuohua;YU Huaifeng;LIU Xia

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏南京210093 [2]淮阴师范学院法学院,江苏淮安223001 [3]新疆社会科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期104-116,118,共14页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“环境民事公益诉讼执行程序独立性研究”(22FXB002);新疆社会科学院青年项目“民法典中公共利益维护机制研究”(20YF010)。

摘　　要：环境行政公益诉讼具有维护公共利益及法律秩序等显著客观诉讼特点,明显不同于传统行政诉讼的主观特征,其程序条理主要体现在起诉条件的实体审查、受案范围的扩大、违法性审查范围的扩大、诉前程序的结果导向等方面。环境行政公益诉讼之内在行政法理与其客观属性互为表里,内在行政特性及其制度功能决定了该制度的客观诉讼特征。由于实践中仍存在生态环境责任归因错位、公益诉讼利益获得主体有争议、诉前程序忽略了行政提前介入、司法程序中忽略了行政监管等制度罅隙,因此,环境行政公益诉讼制度的发展应遵循环境治理的客观规律,建立以行政为主导、多元参与共治的综合治理体系;检察机关应防止司法越位,注重诉前程序检察建议功能的充分发挥;细化秩序维护的裁判类型,在程序完善方面还原与强化该制度的客观属性。Environmental administrative public interest litigation has significant objective litigation characteristics such as safeguarding public interests and legal order,obviously varied from the subjective litigation characteristics of traditional administrative litigation.Due to the objective litigation characteristics of institutional design,the procedural organization is mainly reflected in the substantive review of prosecution conditions,the expansion of the scope of case acceptance and illegality review,and the result orientation of pre-litigation procedures.The inherent administrative jurisprudence and its objective attributes of environmental administrative litigation are mutually exclusive,and the intrinsic administrative characteristics and institutional functions determine that the system should establish an objective litigation mode.Due to the misplaced attribution of ecological environmental responsibility,the disputed subject of public interest litigation benefits,the absence of administrative intervention in pre-litigation procedure,and the administrative supervision judicial procedure neglects and other system cracks,the supplementation of this system should follow the objective laws of environmental governance;and a comprehensive governance system led by administration,diversified participation and co-governance should be established.Prosecuting authorities should prevent judicial offside,and pay attention to the full play of the prosecutorial recommendations function of pre-litigation procedures.The types of judgments for maintaining order should be refined,the objective attributes of the system in terms of procedural improvement be restored and strengthened.

关 键 词：环境行政公益诉讼 客观诉讼 环境风险 环境治理 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D925.3[政治法律—法学]