美国关键矿产供应链重构:动因、影响及对策  

US Critical Minerals Supply Chains Restructuring:Motivations,Impacts,and Policy Recommendations

作　　者：尹文渊 范舒雯 刘艺卓[2] Yin Wen-yuan;Fan Shu-wen;Liu Yi-zhuo

机构地区：[1]商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院数据中心,北京100710 [2]商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院台港澳所,北京100710

出　　处：《亚太经济》2023年第5期81-89,共9页Asia-Pacific Economic Review

摘　　要：在中美科技竞争加剧和全球能源转型的催化下,关键矿产供应链正在成为大国争相布局的焦点,美国最早将关键矿产供应链上升到国家战略层面,也是推进供应链重构最积极的国家。从美国关键矿产供应链重构的动因出发,归纳分析美国关键矿产政策演变情况、主要措施及政策调整的特点,在此基础上剖析美国重构供应链对中国资源贸易、海外投资以及供应链技术创新带来的影响。中国应建立健全综合的国家资源战略、巩固多元的贸易投资网络、持续优化国际合作关系、加强技术创新保障中国关键矿产供应安全,在中美科技竞争和全球能源转型中把握主动。Critical mineral resources usually refer to the mineral resources that play an important role in a country's economy or security but have high supply risks.Under the catalysis of the intensified scientific and technological competition between China and the United States and the global energy transformation,the key mineral supply chain is becoming the focus of competition among major countries.The United States is the first country to raise the key mineral supply chain to the national strategic level,and also the most active country to promote the reconstruction of the supply chain.Starting from the motivation of the restructuring of the key mineral supply chain of the United States,this paper summarizes and analyzes the evolution of the key mineral policy of the United States,the main measures and the characteristics of policy adjustment,and analyzes the influences of the U.S.supply chain restructuring on China's resource trade,overseas investment and supply chain technology innovation ability.The paper suggests establishing and improving a comprehensive national resource strategy,consolidating diversified trade and investment,continuously optimizing international cooperative relations,strengthening technological innovation to ensure the security of China's supply of key minerals,and seizing the initiative in the Sino-US technological competition and global energy transition.

关 键 词：美国关键矿产 供应链重构 动因 影响 

分 类 号：F426.1[经济管理—产业经济] F471.2