两次海地7.3级地震应急救援对比分析  

Comparative analysis of emergency rescue of two Haiti M7.3 earthquakes

作　　者：高娜[1] 王海鹰[1] Gao Na;Wang Haiying(National Earthquake Response Support Service,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震应急搜救中心,北京100049

出　　处：《地震科学进展》2023年第11期530-535,共6页Progress in Earthquake Sciences

摘　　要：海地是一个长期经济相对落后的国家,严重的贫困状况导致了社会应对灾害的脆弱性,政府一方面无法提供大量的资金建设防震、抗震房屋,另一方面也未曾有效制订建筑标准,也无强制执行的建筑法规,导致房屋建设缺乏规划,建筑物普遍不设防、抗震性能差,震后损失重。2010和2021年海地分别发生7.3级地震,均造成大量人员伤亡。本文从地震造成的人员伤亡、海地政府应急响应及救灾效果、国际救援组织援助情况3个方面对两次地震的应急响应和救援能力进行对比分析。结果发现两次地震灾害均有国际救援力量参与,2010年的地震救援是一种无政府状态,以国际力量救援为主,海地政府为辅的救援活动;而2021年政府的应急响应速度有显著提升,在救灾中发挥了绝对主导作用。对国际救援案例和国际救援力量的分析和研究可为我国国际救援队伍派出、对外援助提供有效决策建议。Haiti is a country with a relatively backward economy for a long time.The severe poverty situation has led to the vulnerability of the society to cope with disasters.On the one hand,the government cannot provide a large amount of funds to build shockproof and anti-seismic houses.On the other hand,it has not formulated building standards effectively,and there are no mandatory construction laws and regulations,which results in the lack of planning for building construction,the general lack of fortification of buildings,poor seismic performance and heavy losses after the earthquake.In 2010 and 2021,earthquakes of magnitude 7.3 occurred in Haiti respectively,and caused a large number of casualties.This paper analyzes and summarizes the emergency response and rescue capacity of the two earthquakes from three aspects:casualties caused by the two earthquakes,Haiti government emergency response and disaster relief effect,and assistance from international rescue organizations.The results showed that the international rescue forces have participated in the two earthquake disaster rescue,and the earthquake rescue in 2010 was a state of anarchy.The rescue activities were mainly carried out by international forces,supplemented by the Haitian government.The emergency response speed of the government has improved significantly in 2021,and the government played absolutely an leading role in disaster relief.The analysis and study of international rescue cases and international rescue forces can provide effective decision-making suggestions for the dispatch of China’s international rescue teams and foreign aid.

关 键 词：海地地震 应急救援 国际援助 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]