赤水河流域小水电建设对水土流失的影响——以金沙县关渔塘水电站为例  

The Impact of Small Hydropower Engineering Construction on Soil Erosion and Water Loss in the Chishui River Basin

作　　者：宁茂岐 赵佳 李勇 丁禹 孟天友 罗忠志 雷龙海 赵琼飞 舒梅 NING Maoqi;ZHAO Jia;LI Yong(Demonstration and Promotion Center of Soil and Water Conservation Technology of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省水土保持科技示范推广中心,贵州贵阳550002 [2]毕节市水土保持监测中心,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2023年第11期22-25,I0001,共5页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：贵州省水利科技经费项目(KT202104)。

摘　　要：为分析赤水河流域小水电建设对水土流失的影响,以金沙县关渔塘水电站为例,利用浅地层剖面测量系统开展实地测量和空间分析。结果表明:(1)水电站所在区域沟谷狭窄,水流冲击侵蚀较为严重,平均土壤侵蚀模数1790.61 t/(km^(2)·a),坡耕地、灌木林地、有林地为水土流失的主要源地,共计产生土壤流失量10574.4 t/a,占土壤流失总量的98.3%,水土流失状况对下游影响较为明显;(2)水电站具有一定的蓄水功能,拦蓄泥沙6965.6 t,占理论土壤流失量的21.58%,对下游的防洪排涝起到调节作用;(3)水电站大坝具有明显的拦蓄功能,库内泥沙形成淤积,通过Sufer 15软件体积计算功能模块得到底泥总方量约5771 m^(3),保土效果明显;(4)水电站拆除后,库区淤积泥沙可能会造成下游河道淤积以及河水悬移质增加,对生态环境产生一定影响,同时对下游冲积平原的形成也将起到一定促进作用。To analyze the impact of small hydropower engineering construction on soil erosion and water loss in the Chishui River Basin,the paper took the Guanyutang Hydropower Station in Jinsha County as an example and carried out field measurement and spatial analysis using the sub-bottom profiling measurement system.The outcomes show that a)the hydropower station locates in the narrow gully with severe impact erosion by water stream and the average soil erosion modulus is 1790.61 t/(km^(2)·a).Slope farmland,shrubland and forested land are the main sources of soil erosion,where soil loss is 10574.4 t/a,accounting for 98.3%of the total soil loss,and the impact of soil erosion on down-stream is significant;b)the hydropower station has the water storage function,which traps 6965.6 t of sediment,accounting for 21.58%of the theoretical soil loss,and plays a regulatory role in downstream flood control and drainage;c)the hydropower station dam has the storage function,and the sediment in the reservoir forms sedimentation.The total volume of sediment is about 5771 t through Sufer 15 software vol-ume calculation function module,indicating a significant soil conservation effect;d)after the hydropower station removed,the sedimentation in the reservoir area may cause sedimentation in the downstream river channel and increase the suspended load of the river,which will affect ecological environment and also promote the formation of impact plains on the downstream.

关 键 词：水土流失 蓄水保土 小水电 赤水河流域 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]