江西甘薯地方种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits of sweetpotato landraces germplasm resources in Jiangxi

作　　者：肖满秋 兰孟焦[1] 吴问胜[1] 潘皓[1] 张洋[1] 侯隆英[1] XIAO Man-qiu;LAN Meng-jiao;WUWen-sheng;PAN Hao;ZHANG Yang;HOU Long-ying(Institute of Crops,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院作物研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第7期1903-1913,共11页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10-C8);江西省农作物良种联合攻关项目(9021109126);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX202205)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析江西甘薯地方种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性,为甘薯种质资源创新利用和遗传改良提供参考。【方法】以第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动收集的111份江西甘薯地方种质资源为供试材料,2019—2020年连续2年在南昌对其22个表型性状(14个质量性状和8个数量性状)进行调查分析,采用遗传变异分析、相关分析、Ward法聚类分析及综合评价法研究江西甘薯地方种质资源的遗传多样性。【结果】111份甘薯地方种质资源的顶芽色主要为浅绿色和绿色,顶叶和叶片形状均主要为缺刻型,顶叶色主要为绿色,叶色主要为绿色,叶主脉色、脉基色、叶柄主色、柄基色和茎主色均以绿色为主,株型主要为半直立,薯形主要为纺锤形和不规则形,薯皮主色以粉红色为主,薯肉主色为桔红、淡黄、黄和白色。14个质量性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为0.31~2.01,平均为1.20,其中以薯形、薯皮主色和薯肉主色的H′较大,均大于1.50,叶色的H′最小;8个数量性状的变异系数为12.15%~60.56%,以中薯率和单株结薯数的变异系数较大,均大于50.00%,茎直径的变异系数最小;8个数量性状的H′为1.38~1.50,平均为1.43,以大薯率的H′最大,节间长的H′最小。主蔓长与节间长极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与茎直径和基部分枝数显著正相关(P<0.05);大薯率与基部分枝数极显著正相关,与节间长、单株结薯数和中薯率均呈极显著负相关。供试的111份甘薯地方种质资源可分为性状差异较大的四大类群,并从中筛选出3份综合性状优异的种质及1份高干物率种质,分别为北关白心薯、石园红薯、周畲黄心薯和修水大白薯。【结论】江西甘薯地方种质资源主要表型性状的变异较大,遗传多样性较丰富,尤其是薯块性状具有很大的遗传改良空间。甘薯地方种质资源间亲缘关系与地理来源无明显相关性。【Objective】This study analyzed genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of sweetpotato landraces germplasm resources in Jiangxi,so as to provide reference for the innovative utilization and genetic improvement of sweetpotato germplasm resources.【Method】With the support of the Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection,111 samples of sweetpotato landraces germplasm resources collected in Jiangxi were used as materials and their 22 phenotypic traits(14 quality traits and 8 quantitative traits)were determined for 2 consecutive years from 2019 to 2020 in Nanchang.The genetic variation analysis,correlation analysis,Ward method cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation were conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of these sweetpotato germplasm resources in Jiangxi.【Result】For most of the 111 sweetpotato landraces germplasm resources,the color of top bud were light green or green,the top leaf and complete leaf were of incised shape.The colors of top leaf and leaves were mostly green,the main leaf vein color,basic leaf vein color,petiole predominant color,basic petiole color and stem predominant color were mostly green.The plant type were mainly semi-erect.The storage root shape were elliptic or anomaly,the skin color of storage root was mostly pink,and the predominant flesh color were orange,light yellow,yellow or white.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)of 14 quality traits ranged from 0.31 to 2.01,with an average of 1.20.The H′of storage root shape,predominant skin color and predominant flesh color were relatively high,higher than 1.50.And the H′of leaf color was the lowest.The coefficients of variation(CV)of 8 quantitative traits ranged from 12.15%to 60.56%.The CV of percentage of moderate root and root number per plant were relatively high,higher than 50.00%.The CV of diameter of stem was the lowest.Meanwhile,the H′of 8 quantitative traits ranged from 1.38 to 1.50,with an average of 1.43.The H′of percentage of big root was the largest and the H′of length between node

关 键 词：甘薯 地方种质资源 表型性状 遗传多样性 江西 

分 类 号：S531.024[农业科学—作物学]