糯高粱间作大豆不同带宽配置对糯高粱光合特性、干物质和养分积累及产量的影响  

Effects of different width configurations on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter and nutrients accumulation,and yield of waxy sorghum in waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping system

作　　者：彭方丽 汪灿[1] 周棱波[1] 高杰[1] 张国兵[1] 赵强 陈思宇 邵明波[1] PENG Fang-li;WANG Can;ZHOU Ling-bo;GAO Jie;ZHANG Guo-bing;ZHAO Qiang;CHEN Si-yu;SHAO Ming-bo(Institute of Upland Food Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第7期1966-1976,共11页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：贵州省基础研究(自然科学)计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2023〕一般171);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-B26);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(黔科中引地〔2022〕4045);贵州省特色杂粮产业技术体系建设专项(黔财农〔2018〕81)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究糯高粱间作大豆不同带宽配置对糯高粱光合特性、干物质和养分积累及产量的影响,筛选糯高粱间作大豆的适宜带宽配置,为糯高粱的高产、高效和可持续生产提供参考。【方法】以单作糯高粱为对照(CK),按2行糯高粱间作1行大豆模式,设4种带宽配置处理,分别为T1:带宽120 cm,糯高粱窄行行距40 cm、宽行行距80 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距40 cm;T2:带宽130 cm,糯高粱窄行行距50 cm、宽行行距80 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距40 cm;T3:带宽140 cm,糯高粱窄行行距40 cm、宽行行距100 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距50 cm;T4:带宽150 cm,糯高粱窄行行距50 cm、宽行行距100 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距50 cm。于开花期测定糯高粱叶片光合特性,成熟期测定农艺性状,收获后测定干物质积累量、养分含量和积累量及产量。【结果】带宽配置对糯高粱叶片SPAD值、净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))有极显著影响(P<0.01,下同),而对胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)的影响不显著(P>0.05,下同);不同处理间SPAD值、P_(n)、G_(s)、和T_(r)均表现为T3>T4>T1>T2>CK。带宽配置对糯高粱各器官(根、茎、叶和穗)干物质积累量影响极显著;不同处理间各器官干物质积累量均表现为T3>T4>T1>T2>CK。带宽配置对糯高粱各器官(根、茎、叶和穗)养分(氮、磷和钾)含量和积累量均有极显著影响;不同带宽配置处理下各器官养分含量和积累量均显著高于CK(P<0.05)。带宽配置对糯高粱产量、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重有极显著影响,而对株高和茎粗的影响不显著;不同处理间产量、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重均表现为T3>T4>T1>T2>CK。【结论】适宜带宽配置能改善糯高粱植株的光环境,提升叶片光合能力,促进各器官干物质形成和养分的吸收与积累,优化穗结构,从而增加产量。带宽140 cm,糯高粱窄行行距40 cm、宽行行距100 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距50 cm可作为贵州地区糯高【Objective】The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of different width configurations of waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping system on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter and nutrient accumulation and yield of waxy sorghum,and to provide reference for the selection of suitable width configurations of waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping system and the high-yield,efficient and sustainable production of waxy sorghum.【Method】Sole cropping waxy sorghum(CK)was used as control.Four width configurations were arranged based on the pattern of two rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with one row of soybean,which were T1:120 cm of width with 40 cm of narrow row spacing for waxy sorghum,80 cm of wide row spacing for waxy sorghum,and 40 cm of spacing between waxy sorghum and soybean;T2:130 cm of width with 50 cm of narrow row spacing for waxy sorghum,80 cm of wide row spacing for waxy sorghum,and 40 cm of spacing between waxy sorghum and soybean;T3:140 cm of width with 40 cm of narrow row spacing for waxy sorghum,100 cm of wide row spacing for waxy sorghum,and 50 cm of spacing between waxy sorghum and soybean;and T4:150 cm of width with 50 cm of narrow row spacing for waxy sorghum,100 cm of wide row spacing for waxy sorghum,and 50 cm of spacing between waxy sorghum and soybean.Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of waxy sorghum were measured at flowering stage.Agronomic traits were measured at maturity stage.Dry matter accumulation,nutrient content,accumulation and yield were measured after harvest.【Result】Width configuration had extremely significant effects on the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),and transpiration rate(Tr)of waxy sorghum leaves(P<0.01,the same below),but had no significant effect on the intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)of waxy sorghum(P>0.05,the same below).The SPAD value,P_(n),G_(s),and T_(r),among different treatments were in the order of T3>T4>T1>T2>CK.Width configuration had extremely significant effects on dry matter accumulation

关 键 词：间作 带宽配置 糯高粱 光合特性 干物质和养分积累 产量 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]