塔里木河流域灌溉效率悖论成因实例研究  

A case study on the causes of the paradox of irrigation efficiency in the Tarim River basin

作　　者：张金良 万德辉 明广辉 谭培影 海洋 刘登峰[5] ZHANG Jinliang;WAN Dehui;MING Guanghui;TAN Peiying;HAI Yang;LIU Dengfeng(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin(Ministry of Water Resources),Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Yellow River Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd,Zhengzhou 450003,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Nothwest Arid Region of China,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室,郑州450003 [3]河南黄河建设工程有限公司,郑州450003 [4]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [5]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2023年第5期833-842,共10页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202400);国家自然科学基金项目(52109031);“科创中原”行动项目(2023HYTP017)。

摘　　要：以塔里木河流域为例,对天然绿洲和人工绿洲面积进行遥感解译,设置灌溉面积扩张(现实)和维持不变(理想)两种实例,对比分析1990-2020年平原绿洲耗水平衡和用水效率,从灌溉面积扩张视角对灌溉效率悖论成因进行探讨。结果表明:现实实例下,36亿m^(3)净节水量被用于扩大灌溉面积,人工和天然绿洲耗水比从4∶6转变为6∶4,产生了严重的灌溉效率悖论;理想实例下,人工和天然绿洲耗水比维持在4∶6,产生真实节水量24亿m^(3),可避免灌溉效率悖论的产生。灌溉效率悖论的产生是连续丰水年出现、节水技术推广、种植结构调整和灌溉面积扩张等因素综合作用的结果,30年来灌溉面积扩张对塔里木河流域灌溉效率悖论的产生起主导作用。Agricultural water consumption accounts for over 70%of the world's water consumption.For a long time,promoting water-saving irrigation technology and improving agricultural water efficiency have been regarded as effective methods to reduce agricultural water consumption and alleviate regional water scarcity.However,an increasing number of studies have shown that with the application of water-saving technology and the improvement of water-saving levels,the shortage of water resources worldwide has become even more severe,resulting in the paradox of irrigation efficiency.The emergence of the paradox of irrigation efficiency results from various factors such as hydrology,economy,society,institutions,and management,and the expansion of irrigation area is an important reason for the paradox.Revealing the mechanism of the paradox of irrigation efficiency is the basis for improving water and land resources management in the river basins.Tarim River basin is located in an inland arid area with scarce water resources,and the natural ecology is very fragile.In the recent comprehensive management of the Tarim River basin,nearly half of the investment was spent on water-saving renovation in irrigation areas.However,the expected results were not achieved.The expansion of irrigation area resulted in the widespread phenomenon of"reclaiming land while controlling"and"saving water while consuming water".Under the condition of a certain amount of total water resources,there is a game competition relationship between natural and artificial systems regarding water consumption.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the evolution of water consumption with water use efficiency in water-saving development between natural oasis ecosystems and artificial oasis socioeconomic systems.The Tarim River basin,the most apparent contradiction in water and land resources,was taken as an example.The rapid development of water-saving technology from 1990 to 2020 was selected as the study time.Under the conditions of consistent water resources,social econ

关 键 词：塔里木河流域 节水灌溉 灌溉效率悖论 灌溉面积扩张 耗水量 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]