内蒙古高原浑善达克沙地典型湖泊萎缩机制  

The shrinking mechanism of typical lakes in Hunshandake Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia Plateau

作　　者：赵乐凡 杨振京[2,3] 马荣 宁凯[2,3] 陈鹏 吴俊 李洋 ZHAO Lefan;YANG Zhenjing;MA Rong;NING Kai;CHEN Peng;WU Jun;LI Yang(School of Earth Science and Resources,China University of Geoscience(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Eco-geological Process,Xiamen 361021,China;School of Earth Sciences,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050030,China;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 050069,China;Hebei Province Shexian Water Conservancy Bureau,Shexian 056400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,石家庄050061 [3]福建省水循环与生态地质过程重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [4]河北地质大学地球科学学院,石家庄050030 [5]河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院,河北邯郸056009 [6]河北省邯郸市涉县水利局,河北涉县056400

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2023年第5期907-916,共10页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221773);中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质所基本科研业务费项目(SK202012)。

摘　　要：以内蒙古高原浑善达克沙地内骏马湖水下地形测绘数据为基础,构建湖泊结构特征曲线;基于遥感数据提取1991—2021年骏马湖面积,反演出30年来其水位与容积的演化特征;建立其水量平衡方程,定量分析降水、蒸发和地下水补给量等水量平衡要素的变化趋势及相互作用模式,识别出不同阶段湖泊萎缩的主控因素。计算结果显示:骏马湖容量由1991年的1450万m^(3)波动下降至2021年的380万m^(3),年均变化率为−34万m^(3)/a,降水量、蒸发量和地下水补给量均呈现减少趋势,年均变化率分别为−10万、−7万和−5万m^(3)/a。2006年前,湖泊呈微弱的负均衡状态;2006年后,地下水补给量显著减少,导致湖泊水量负均衡加剧、萎缩速率加快。结果表明:2006年前,气候暖干化是导致湖泊萎缩的主要因素;2006年至今,流域地下水资源大量开采导致湖泊水量失衡,人类活动成为湖泊萎缩的主控因子。降低地下水资源开发利用量,提高水资源利用效率,可有效减缓浑善达克沙地湖泊群的萎缩退化进度。As an integral part of the terrestrial hydrosphere,lakes play an indispensable role in regional water cycle,water balance and water resources regulation.Due to the different climatic conditions and human activities,the causes of lake shrinkage in different time and space are significantly different.The Hunshandake Sandy Land is located in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia.Due to its unique geographical pattern and climatic characteristics,the predecessors have carried out a lot of research on this area.However,most of the previous studies focused on climate change and ecological stability,and only a small amount of research focused on lake area and water volume.And the studies are mainly concentrated before 2015,and there is a lack of research on the recent Hunshandake in the current new state.In particular,there is a lack of research on the changes of water balance factors based on the water balance model and the quantitative analysis of human activities and climate change on lake evolution.Therefore,it is of great significance to reveal the mechanism of shrinkage and degradation of lakes in Hunshandake Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia Plateau for the protection and restoration of lakes in Hunshandake Sandy Land.Based on Landsat TM/ETM+,the lake area of Junma Lake from 1991 to 2021 was extracted.Combined with DEM data and field elevation point test,the water depth-area-volume curve of Junma Lake was established to calculate the lake water volume.Based on the meteorological data,the water balance model of Junma Lake from 1991 to 2021 was established.The variation characteristics of water balance factors such as precipitation,evaporation and runoff are quantitatively analyzed,the interaction between income items and expenditure items and their impact on lake water volume changes is analyzed,the impact of climate change and human activities on lake water volume changes at different stages is analyzed,and the main control factors of lake water volume changes at different stages are determined.The research results can p

关 键 词：水量平衡 水量 蒸发 气候变化 人类活动 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]