考虑河流生态需水约束的调水规模研究  

Study on the water transfer scale considering the constraint of river ecological water demand

作　　者：张丹[1,2] 鲍军[3] 李想 尹冬勤 王芳[2] 许凤冉 穆祥鹏[2] ZHANG Dan;BAO Jun;LI Xiang;YIN Dongqin;WANG Fang;XU Fengran;MU Xiangpeng(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,School of Civil Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Center of Construction Management&Quality Safety Supervision,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,土木水利学院,西宁810016 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]水利部建设管理与质量安全中心,北京100038 [4]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2023年第5期917-929,共13页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2243232,U2243239);国家社会科学基金项目(22BJY066);国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2023-KF-02);青海省基础研究计划项目(2022-ZJ-933Q)。

摘　　要：为减少以调水和蓄水工程为主体的区域水网建设对生态环境的影响,以大通河为研究对象,筛选9种水文学方法计算青石嘴、天堂、享堂3个关键控制断面12种不同的生态流量过程,基于过去60年径流时空分布以及水-能源-生态(water-energy-ecosystem,WEE)纽带模型,开展生态调度计算分析。结果显示:大通河干流河道内生态流量过程沿程增加,青石嘴、天堂、享堂3个断面年生态需水总量分别为1.62亿~14.54亿m^(3)、2.46亿~22.04亿m^(3)和2.88亿~25.46亿m^(3),且均以Q90_Q50方法为最大,Tennant(10%)方法为最小;在不同生态需水约束下,引大济湟工程调水规模介于2.25亿~8.81亿m^(3),占流域多年平均径流量的7.8%~30.5%;生态需水保障率整体表现为非汛期高于汛期,上游高于下游。兼顾生态环境保护与经济社会发展双重目标,为合理确定调水规模提供技术支撑。The construction of a regional water network is a crucial measure to address complex water problems such as the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources,while to achieve the goal of ecological protection and high-quality development.The water network,mainly consisting of water transfer and storage projects,has changed the pattern of water resources and the eco-hydrological processes of rivers,and has adverse impacts on the ecological environment.The Datong River basin is abundant in water resources and has great potential for hydropower.The three major water transfer projects(from Datong River to Qinwangchuan basin,from Datong River to Jinchang City,and from Datong River to Huangshui River basin)in this region have made great contributions to the economic and social development of the Xining-Lanzhou City cluster.Given that the Datong River basin includes environmentally sensitive areas such as the upper reaches of the Yellow River Reserve and the Qilian Mountain National Park,ensuring ecological safety is important.Unfortunately,some early projects failed to adequately consider environmental protection requirements at the planning stage,resulting in significant changes in river hydrology,including reduced river flows,deteriorating water quality,and declining biodiversity.On the basis of comprehensive understanding of the eco-hydrological conditions,the characteristics of water transfer and hydropower projects,and the current situation of water resources utilization in the Datong River basin,three key control sections(Qingshizui,Tiantang,and Xiangtang)were determined.Nine widely used hydrologically-based methods were employed to calculate 12 ecological flow processes at the three sections,which were considered in the water resource allocation of the Datong River basin.Furthermore,the Water-Energy-Ecosystem(WEE)Nexus model,which was developed based on multi-objective and nonlinear programming,was used to optimize and compare the operations of different water diversion and storage projects as well

关 键 词：生态流量 水文学方法 水-能源-生态纽带 调水规模 大通河 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]