约翰逊总统任职后期美台关于蒋介石“反攻中国内地”政策的互动分析  

An Analysis of U.S.-Taiwan Region Interactions Regarding Jiang Jieshi(Chiang Kai-shek)'s"Reclaiming the Chinese mainland"Policy in the Late Period of Johnson's Presidency

作　　者：陈长伟[1] Chen Changwei

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《台湾历史研究》2023年第4期52-66,共15页Taiwan History Studies

摘　　要：冷战期间美国政府不支持蒋介石的“反攻内地”政策,但历任总统应对的策略有一定区别。艾森豪威尔、肯尼迪从来没有对该政策予以明确的否决,而是采取一种模糊的态度。美国在该问题上的立场到了约翰逊总统任职的后期发生了显著改变。随着1966年中期越南战争的白热化以及中国内地进入一个特殊的历史时期,蒋介石不再以中国内地的状况作为游说美国支持发动“反攻内地”的首要理由,而是以中国台湾安全遭受内地的威胁为由请求美国加大对中国台湾的协防力度,并允许中国台湾当局对内地放手一搏。然而,此时约翰逊政府正致力于调整对华关系和严控越战规模,不希望给海峡两岸对峙的双方发出错误信号。于是,约翰逊一反前几任总统在该问题上的模糊立场,于1967年3月对蒋介石“反攻内地”的政策予以明确拒绝,实质上终结了美台在这个问题上的商讨和博弈。During the Cold War,the U.S.government did not support Jiang Jieshi(Chiang Kai-shek)'s policy of"reclaiming the Chinese mainland,"but the strategies adopted by successive presidents were somewhat different.Dwight F.Eisenhower and John F.Kennedy never explicitly rejected the policy but adopted an ambiguous attitude.By the later stages of President Lyndon B.Johnson's presidency,the U.S.position on the issue had changed significantly.With the Vietnam War heating up in mid-1966 and the Chinese mainland entering a special period in its history,Chiang Kai-shek no longer invoked the situation on the Chinese mainland as the primary reason for lobbying for U.S.support for a"reclaiming the mainland,"but rather claimed that Taiwan region's security was being threatened by the mainland,and asked the U.S.to step up its efforts to assist Taiwan in its defense,and to allow them to have another try against the mainland.However,at this time,the Johnson administration was committed to adjusting relations with China and strictly controlling the scale of the Vietnam War.He did not want to send wrong signals to both sides of the cross-Straits confrontation.Thus,in March 1967,Johnson,in contrast to the previous president's ambiguous position on the issue,explicitly rejected Jiang Jieshi(Chiang Kai-shek)'s policy of‘reclaiming the mainland,"essentially ending U.S.-Taiwan region discussions and negotiations on the issue.

关 键 词：“反攻内地”政策 蒋介石 约翰逊 越南战争 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] D675.8[政治法律—外交学]