暖季补饲矿物质盐砖对放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Mineral Salt Brick Supplemention in Warm Season on Rumen Fermention and Microbial Community of Grazing Yaks

作　　者：杨得玉 黄文植 薛斌 张晓卫[1] 崔占鸿[1] 冯宇哲[1] YANG Deyu;HUANG Wenzhi;XUE Bin;ZHANG Xiaowei;CUI Zhanhong;FENG Yuzhe(Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Oinghai Province,Qinghai Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第21期78-87,共10页Feed Industry

基　　金：青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金——高寒地区放牧牦牛适度补饲关键技术应用与示范项目[2023ZY017]。

摘　　要：为探究暖季补饲矿物质盐砖对放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的影响,试验选取体重接近的2.5岁雄性牦牛12头,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,对照组纯放牧,盐砖组则采用放牧+补饲矿物质盐砖的饲养方式。结果表明:盐砖组牦牛瘤胃乙酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸以及氨态氮的产量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验第30天对照组和盐砖组的瘤胃液pH差异不显著(P>0.05),试验第60天、90天盐砖组的瘤胃液pH显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。补饲矿物质盐砖能显著降低牦牛瘤胃甲烷杆菌、克里斯滕森菌科、克里斯滕森菌R-7等菌的相对丰度(P<0.05),显著提高了变形菌门、放线菌纲、红细菌科、纤维素单胞菌科等菌的相对丰度(P<0.05)。综上所述,暖季补饲矿物质盐砖能改变牦牦牛瘤胃微生物群落的活性,促进瘤胃发酵,提高牦牛生产性能。In order to explore the effects of supplementation of mineral salt bricks in warm season on rumen fermentation and microflora community of grazing yaks,a total of twelve 2.5-year-old male yaks with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into two treatment groups with six replicates in each group.The control group was pure grazing,and the salt brick group was fed with grazing+supplementary feeding of mineral salt bricks.The results show that:the yields of acetic acid,butyric acid,isovaleric acid,valeric acid,total volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen of yaks in the salt brick group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in pH between the control group and the salt brick group on the 30th day of the experiment(P>0.05).On the 60th and 90th day of the experiment,the pH of the salt brick group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Supplementation of mineral salt bricks could significantly reduce the relative abundance of Metha⁃nobrevibacter,Christenellaceae,Christensenellaceae R-7 and other bacteria in the rumen of yaks(P<0.05).It significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Rhodobacteraceae, Cellulomonadaceae (P<0.05). In summary,supplementation of mineral salt bricks in the warm season can change the activity of rumen microbialcommunity in yaks, promote rumen fermentation, improve the production performance of yak.

关 键 词：暖季 矿物质盐砖 放牧牦牛 瘤胃发酵 微生物区系 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]