不同饲养方式及育肥期对安格斯公犊牛生产和屠宰性能的影响  

Effects of feeding methods and fattening periods on the production and slaughter performance of Angus bull calf

作　　者：郭万正[1] 赵娜[1] 李容 杜恩存 黄静 魏金涛[1] GUO Wanzheng;ZHAO Na;LI Rong;DU Encun;HUANG Jing;WEI Jintao(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding,Wuhan 430064,China;Jingmen Central China Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Jingmen 448001,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064 [2]荆门市华中农业发展有限公司,湖北荆门448001

出　　处：《养殖与饲料》2023年第11期10-14,共5页Animals Breeding and Feed

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新中心资助项目“饲草资源培育及高值化利用”(2021-620-000-001-021);中央引导地方资助项目“西藏高寒牧区牦牛营养均衡供给关键技术研究与示范”(XZ202301YD0013C)。

摘　　要：[目的]最大限度产出嫩度与风味俱佳的优质牛肉,实现安格斯牛养殖提质增效。[方法]选用(12±0.45)月龄的安格斯公犊18头,随机分为3组,组间体重差异不显著。1组全混合颗粒饲料育肥,(26.90±0.64)月龄屠宰;2组全混合饲料(TMR)育肥,(26.27±0.38)月龄屠宰;3组TMR育肥,(29.17±0.48)月龄屠宰。1组育肥全期,2组、3组育肥前期日粮精粗比4:6;2组、3组育肥后期日粮精粗比6:4。[结果]安格斯公犊育肥前期,1组较2、3组干物质采食量提高36.30%以上,日增重提高88.33%以上,差异显著;育肥后期各组干物质采食量、日增重差异不显著。1组与2组净肉率、脂肪率差异不显著;但1组净肉量较2、3组分别高59.40、46.72 kg,差异显著。3组较1、2组净肉率显著下降,脂肪率显著上升。[结论]全混合颗粒饲料可提高育肥牛干物质采食量,减少精饲料用量,提高日增重、产肉能力和经济效益。不同饲养方式对安格斯育肥公犊牛屠宰净肉率及脂肪率没有显著影响;育肥期对安格斯犊牛生产及屠宰性能有显著影响;育肥期过长其产肉能力减弱,脂肪沉积快速增加。[Objectives]To maximize the production of high-quality beef with excellent tenderness and flavor and improve the quality and efficiency in Angus cattle breeding.[Methods]Eighteen Angus bull calves at the age of(12±0.45)months were randomly divided into three groups,with no significant difference in body weight between the groups.Group 1 was fattened with fully mixed pellet feed and slaughtered at the age of(26.90±0.64)months.Group 2 was fattened with fully mixed feed(TMR)and slaughtered at the age of(26.27±0.38)months.Group 3 was fattened with fully mixed feed(TMR)and slaughtered at the age of(29.17±0.48)months.Dietary concentrate level(expressed by the ratio of concentrate to crude)in group 1 was the same at the whole fattening period.Dietary concentrate level(expressed by the ratio of concentrate to crude)in group 2 and group 3 at the early and late stage of fattening was 4:6 and 6:4,respectively.[Results]The dry matter intake and the daily weight gain of Angus bull calves in group 1 increased by more than 36.30% and 88.33% compared to groups 2 and 3,with a significant difference at the early stage of fattening.There was no significant difference in dry matter intake and daily weight gain among each group at the late stage of fattening.There was no significant difference in net meat percentage and fat percentage between group 1 and group 2.However,the net meat weight in group 1 was 59.40 and 46.72 kg higher than that in group 2 and group 3,respectively,with significant differences.The net meat percentage in group 3 significantly decreased compared to group 1 and group 2,while the fat percentage significantly increased.[Conclusions]Fully mixed pellet feed can increase the dry matter intake,daily weight gain,meat production capacity,and economic benefits and reduce the consumption of concentrate feed of fattening calf.Feeding methods did not significantly affect the net meat and fat percentage of fattening Angus bull calves after slaughter.The fattening period had a significant effect on the production and sl

关 键 词：安格斯公犊牛 育肥期 屠宰性能 全混合饲料 全混合颗粒饲料 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]