嘉陵江流域潜在蒸散发时空演变特征及其影响因素  

Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of potential evapotranspiration and its influencing factors in Jialing River Basin

作　　者：赵宾华[1,2] 马方铭 李占斌 李鹏[1,2] 黄金华[1] 高蓓[3] 孙虎 ZHAO Binhua;MA Fangming;LI Zhanbin;LI Peng;HUANG Jinhua;GAO Bei;SUN Hu(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions,Xi’an 710048,China;Xi’an Water Conservancy Planning Survey and Design Institute,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [3]西安市水利规划勘测设计院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2023年第5期43-51,共9页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2040208、42007070);陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目(20JS100、08JZ57)。

摘　　要：为研究嘉陵江流域潜在蒸散发(ET_(0))的时空格局变化特征以及变化气候条件对流域潜在蒸散发量的影响,选择45个国家级气象测站的1970—2019年逐日气象数据计算ET_(0),采用线性倾向率、Mann-Kendall趋势检验和反距离加权插值分析时空变化特征,通过敏感性分析和贡献率量化ET_(0)变化的主导因子,用地理探测器分析其影响因子的交互作用。结果表明:年尺度上,嘉陵江流域平均气温以0.20℃/10a的速率呈上升趋势,相对湿度、平均风速和日照时数分别以0.239%/10a、0.048(m·s^(-1))/10a和0.100(h·d^(-1))/10a的速率下降。年ET_(0)以0.133 mm/10a的速率减小,春、冬季ET_(0)呈上升趋势,夏、秋季相反,空间上年ET_(0)整体北高南低。年ET_(0)变化主导因子为平均气温,嘉陵江流域ET_(0)变化是多因子共同作用的结果,平均气温和相对湿度交互作用下的空间解释度达到68.4%。研究结果可为研究区生态水文过程变化深入分析提供一定的科学依据。In order to study the spatio-temporal pattern of potential evapotranspiration(ET_(0))in Jialing River Basin(JRB)and the influence of changing climate conditions on potential ET_(0) in the basin,the daily meteorological data from 1970 to 2019 were collected from 45 national meteorological stations in JRB for the calculation of ET_(0).The spatio-temporal variation characteristics were analyzed by linear trend rate,Mann-Kendall trend test and inverse distance weighted(IDW)interpolation.The sensitivity analysis and contribution rate were used to quantify the leading factors influencing the change of ET_(0),and the interactions between the influencing factors were analyzed by the geographic detector.The results show that at the annual scale,the mean air temperature in the JRB increased at the rate of 0.20℃/10a,while the relative humidity,average wind speed and sunshine duration decreased at the rates of 0.239%/10a,0.048(m·s^(-1))/10a and 0.10(h·d^(-1))/10a,respectively.Moreover,the annual ET_(0) decreased at the rate of 0.133 mm/10a,which increased in spring and winter,but decreased in summer and autumn.Spatially,annual ET_(0) was higher in the north but lower in the south.In conclusion,the leading factor of annual ET_(0) change was mean air temperature;however,the change of ET_(0) in JRB was the result of the interactions of multiple factors,and the explanatory power of the interaction between mean air temperature and relative humidity reached 68.4%.The results can help understand the deep analysis of ecological and hydrological processes in the study area.

关 键 词：潜在蒸散发 时空演变 贡献率 影响因素 嘉陵江流域 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]