武汉及周边地区2012—2022年儿童和成人头癣致病菌谱及流行因素对比分析  

A Comparative Analysis of Pathogenic Spectrum and Epidemic Factors of Tinea Capitis in Children and Adults in Wuhan and Surrounding Areas from 2012 to 2022

作　　者：喻惠元 陈尊义[1] 陈瑶[1] 董碧麟[1] YU Huiyuan;CHEN Zunyi;CHEN Yao;DONG Bilin(Department of Dermatology,No.1 Hospital of Wuhan,Wuhan 430022,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市第一医院皮肤科,湖北武汉430022

出　　处：《中国皮肤性病学杂志》2023年第10期1142-1146,1155,共6页The Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology

基　　金：武汉市卫健委项目(WX21Z21)。

摘　　要：目的比较分析武汉及周边地区2012—2022年儿童和成人头癣患者临床资料、病原菌种类、临床类型和致病危险因素。方法对2012—2022年武汉市第一医院皮肤科门诊临床诊断符合头癣,且真菌培养阳性的病例进行回顾性分析。结果754例头癣患者中,儿童649例,成人105例,发病年龄23 d~87岁。紫色毛癣菌感染无论在儿童(45.76%)还是成人(65.71%)头癣中均居首位,犬小孢子菌次之(儿童36.21%,成人13.33%),儿童位列第三的致病菌为须癣毛癣菌(8.63%),而成人为断发毛癣菌(8.57%),此外,不同年龄组间致病菌谱存在差异。黑点癣是武汉地区头癣最常见的类型,其次是脓癣,犬小孢子菌在儿童多导致白癣,成人却以脓癣为主。儿童头癣发病前常有动物接触史;高频率烫染头发、免疫缺陷、身体其他部位真菌感染是成人头癣的危险因素。结论儿童和成人头癣在致病菌谱、临床类型和致病危险因素上存在差异,比较分析儿童和成人头癣的不同特征可深入了解其流行病学特征并有助于临床的预防、早期诊断和治疗。Objective To study the clinical features,pathogenic fungus species,clinical types and risk factors of children and adults with tinea capitis in Wuhan and its rural areas from 2012 to 2022.Methods A retrospective analysis of cases with tinea capitispositive fungal culture from January 2012 to December 2022 was conducted at the outpatient department in our hospital.Results A total of 754 patients with tinea capitis from 23 days to 87 years old,including 649 children and 105 adults,were included.Trichophyton violaceum was the most common species of tinea capitis in both children(45.76%)and adults(65.71%),followed by Microsporum canis(36.21%in children and 13.33%in adults).Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the third most frequent pathogenic fungus in children(8.63%)and Trichophyton tonsurans in adults(8.57%).In addition,there were discrepancies in the pathogenic spectrum among different age groups.Black-dot ringworm represented the most common type of tinea capitis,followed by kerion in children and adults in the Wuhan area.Microsporum canis mainly caused tinea alba in children but kerion in adults.A history of animal contact was associated with tinea alba in children.High frequency of perm and dyeing hair,immune deficiency(especially in males),and fungal infections in other body parts were risk factors for adult tinea capitis.Conclusion The pathogenic fungus spectrum,clinical type and risk factors of tinea capitis were different between children and adults.Analysis of the discrepancies between tinea capitis in children and adults can provide a better understanding of the transmission route and help the early diagnosis and prevention of tinea capitis.

关 键 词：儿童头癣 成人头癣 致病菌谱 危险因素 

分 类 号：R756.1[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]