利用叶绿素荧光技术早期快速鉴定甘蔗品种的耐旱性  

Early and Rapid Drought Tolerance Identification of Sugarcane Varieties Based on the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis

作　　者：安东升 卢李威 黄文甫 孔冉[1] 严程明[1] 赵宝山 苏俊波[1] AN Dongsheng;LU Liwei;HUANG Wenfu;KONG Ran;YAN Chengming;ZHAO Baoshan;SU Junbo(South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-term Agricultural Green Development,Zhanjiang 524091;Liucheng County Sugarcane Research Center,Liucheng,Guangxi 545200;Guangxi Yangpunanhua Sugarcane Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530021)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测湛江试验站,广东湛江524091 [2]柳城县甘蔗研究中心,广西柳城545200 [3]广西洋浦南华甘蔗研究院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2023年第4期7-14,共8页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：甘蔗农机农艺融合高质量发展关键技术集成与示范(102125221630050009026);广东省甘蔗剑麻产业技术体系创新团队(2023KJ104-15)。

摘　　要：为实现甘蔗新品种耐旱性的早期评价鉴定,加快甘蔗耐旱育种进程。本研究以生产上已有的耐旱品种新台糖22号与非耐旱品种新台糖16号作为对照,对2个甘蔗新品种热甘1号与桂柳07150开展盆栽模拟干旱与田间干旱试验,测定叶绿素荧光特性与经济性状。结果表明,在桶栽模拟干旱胁迫下,只有新台糖16号的潜在最大光能利用效率Fv/Fm显著下降,非调节性能量耗散Y(NO)则表现为:桂柳07150<热甘1号<新台糖22号<新台糖16号,而Y(NPQ)和PARsat均表现为:2个新品种>新台糖22号>新台糖16号。上述结果表明在土壤相对含水量rSWC降至60%时,只有新台糖16号出现实质性光损伤,2个新品种的光保护能力优于新台糖22号。综上,将供试品种的耐旱性由强到弱的排序为:桂柳07150>热甘1号>新台糖22号>新台糖16号。田间观测结果表明,相同干旱胁迫程度下,Jmax与单茎重、产量、田间锤度及有效茎数均呈正相关,据此推论较强的光合能力是桂柳07150的单茎重与热甘1号的有效茎数显著高于新台糖22号的重要因素,并最终确定2个新品种的产量与田间锤度显著高于新台糖22号,进一步验证了2个甘蔗新品种应对干旱的能力优于新台糖22号。综上,叶绿素荧光技术能够在甘蔗新品种耐旱性的早期快速鉴定评价中发挥重要作用。In order to accelerate the process of sugarcane drought tolerance breeding,chlorophyll fluorescence technique had been used in this study on two new sugarcane varieties Regan1 and Guiliu07150,taking drought-resistant variety Guiliu07150 and drought susceptible variety Guiliu07150 as control,to achieve early evaluation and rapid identification of drought tolerance in sugarcane varieties.Bucket and field experiment were conducted in simulation facilities(Zhanjiang,Guangdong)and production base(Fusui,Guangxi)to explore the effects of drought on sugarcane chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and economic characters.The results from simulation experiment showed a significant decrease of Fv/Fm for ROC16 in contrast with the other 3 varieties,Y(NO)exhibited Guiliu07150<Regan1<ROC22<ROC16 while the opposite trend displayed in Y(NPQ)and PARsat.These phenomenon revealed only ROC16 suffered physiological damage and the photo-protective capability of 2 new sugarcane varieties were superior to ROC22 from pre to mid stages of drought stress(with rSWC 60%).Field experiment showed that relatively high Jmax and millable stalks determined significantly increase of single stem weight,yield,field brimness in Guiliu07150 and yield in Regan1,respectively,comparing with ROC22.This further confirms that the drought tolerance of 2 new varieties were higher than ROC22.Thus,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics analysis could be an effective method for drought tolerance evaluation in sugarcane varieties.

关 键 词：叶绿素荧光 甘蔗 耐旱性 品种 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]