山东省乡村卫生人力资源配置公平性研究  

Study on the Equity of Rural Health Human Resources Allocation in Shandong Province

作　　者：李召帅 王超[1] 卢祖洵[2] LI Shaoshuai(School of Pubic Health,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,430071,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430071 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《医学与社会》2023年第11期38-44,共7页Medicine and Society

基　　金：湖北省教育科学规划课题,编号为2022GB003;国家社会科学基金资助重大项目,编号为18ZDA085。

摘　　要：目的:分析2020年山东省乡村卫生人力资源配置状况及公平性,为优化乡村卫生人力资源配置提供参考。方法:描述性分析山东省乡村卫生人力资源分布的基本情况,运用基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线及泰尔指数研究乡村卫生人力资源配置的公平性。结果:山东省乡村卫生人力资源总量处于全国前列,全省每千乡村人口乡村医生和卫生员数为1.26人、乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员数为1.65人,其中鲁南经济圈每千乡村人口的乡村卫生人力资源拥有量最多,分别为乡村医生和卫生员1.38人、乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员1.90人。基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线显示,山东省各类乡村卫生人力资源按面积配置的基尼系数均大于按人口分布,其中按人口分布的乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员的基尼系数最小,为0.10591;按面积配置的乡镇卫生院注册护士的基尼系数最大,为0.24984。此外山东省各类乡村卫生人力资源配置的泰尔指数分析发现,其组内差异贡献率均超过50%。结论:山东省乡村卫生人力资源配置存在区域差异,其按人口配置的公平性优于按面积配置,区域内差异是影响总体差异的主要原因。因此山东省政府仍需科学制定规划,优化乡村卫生人力资源配置,改善资源分布的不平衡性,持续加强乡村卫生健康队伍建设。Objective:To analyze the situation and equity of rural health human resources allocation in Shandong province in 2020,so as to provide references for optimizing the allocation of rural health human resources.Methods:Descriptive analysis was used to describe the basic situation of rural health human resources allocation in Shandong province.Gini coefficient,Lorenz curve and Thiel index were employed to study the rural health human resources.Results:Rural health human resources in Shandong province were among the top in China.There were 1.26 rural doctors and health workers and 1.65 health technicians in township health centers per thousand rural populations in the province.And the rural health human resources per thousand rural population in the Lunan Economic Circle had the highest amount,with 1.38 rural doctors and health workers and 1.90 health technicians in township health centers.Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve showed that the Gini coefficient of various rural health human resources allocated by area was greater than that allocated by population in Shandong province.Among them,the lowest Gini coefficient was 0.10591 for health technicians in township hospitals distributed by population,and the largest was 0.24984 for registered nurses in township hospitals allocated by area.In addition,the Thiel index analysis found that the contribution rate of intra-regional differences in various rural health human resources in Shandong province exceeded 50%.Conclusion:There are regional differences in the allocation of rural health human resources in Shandong province.The equity of rural health human resources allocation according to population is better than that according to area,and the intra-regional differences are the main reason affecting the overall difference.So it's necessary for Shandong governments to scientifically formulate plans,optimize the allocation of rural health human resources,improve the imbalance of resource distribution,and continuously strengthen the construction of rural health teams.

关 键 词：乡村卫生 人力资源 公平性 山东 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]