某船用柴油机机油含碳量过高分析及优化  

Analysis of high oil carbon in a marine diesel engine and its optimization

作　　者：张皓钰 邓刚 朱涛 张定国 ZHANG Haoyu;DENG Gang;ZHU Tao;ZHANG Dingguo(Weichai Power Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261061,China)

机构地区：[1]潍柴动力股份有限公司,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《内燃机与动力装置》2023年第5期93-98,共6页Internal Combustion Engine & Powerplant

摘　　要：为解决某船用柴油机机油中含碳量过高导致的早期老化现象,模拟实际作业工况对该柴油机进行仿真分析及台架试验,确定造成机油早期老化的主要原因为柴油机长期低速高负荷运行,导致缸内燃烧不良,柴油的不完全燃烧产物污染机油;其次,柴油机热负荷过高、机油温度过高,加剧机油老化。通过减小喷油器喷孔直径和增加喷油器喷孔数量,以改善缸内燃烧;通过提高齿轮箱速比,提高柴油机转速,以降低热负荷。改进后进行仿真分析及台架试验验证,结果表明:喷油器改进后,排气烟度及燃油消耗率均下降,柴油机低速燃烧性能改善;齿轮箱速比改进后,缸内燃气热力学温度及燃气传递给活塞顶面的热量均明显下降,柴油机热负荷明显降低。优化后的柴油机进行台架耐久试验及性能试验,结果表明:机油中碳的质量分数及机油黏度升高速率减小,燃油消耗率降低,排放烟度降低,活塞漏气量减少,机油温度降低,优化措施有效解决柴油机机油早期老化问题。In order to solve the early aging phenomenon caused by high oil carbon content in a marine diesel engine,simulation analysis and bench testing are conducted.It is found that the main reason of early aging of the oil is long-term low speed and high load operation of the diesel engine,resulting in poor combustion in the cylinder,high thermal load of the diesel engine,and high oil temperature.By reducing the diameter of the fuel injector orifice,increasing the number of fuel injectors,and improving the fuel injectors,combustion in the cylinder is improved.By increasing the gearbox speed ratio and the diesel engine speed,the thermal load is reduced.After these improvement,simulation tests and bench tests are conducted to verify the results.The results show that after the improvement of the fuel injector,the exhaust smoke and fuel consumption rate decrease,and the low-speed combustion performance of the diesel engine improves.After improving the gearbox speed ratio,the thermodynamic temperature of the gas in the cylinder and the heat transferred from the gas to the piston top surface significantly decreases,and the thermal load of the diesel engine significantly decreases.The optimized diesel engine is tested for durability and performance.The results show that the mass fraction of carbon in the oil and the rate of increase of oil viscosity decrease,fuel consumption rate,smoke emission,piston leakage,and oil temperature decrease together.The optimization measures effectively solve the problem of early aging of diesel engine oil.

关 键 词：机油 早期老化 燃烧不良 喷油器 船用 

分 类 号：TK423[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]