中外犯罪调查的科学性和主观性——以数据库与个人隐私、专家证人与偏见为视角  

Exploring the scientificity and subjectivity of criminal investigations in China and foreign countries:A perspective on databases and personal privacy,expert witnesses and bias

作　　者：刘硕 LIU Shuo(University College London,England London,WC1E 6BT)

机构地区：[1]伦敦大学学院,英国伦敦,Gower Street London WC1E 6BT

出　　处：《周口师范学院学报》2023年第4期121-126,共6页Journal of Zhoukou Normal University

摘　　要：刑事调查中的数据库与个人隐私、专家证人和认知偏见之间存在着错综复杂的相互作用。虽然数据库,如DNA数据库,在减少和预防犯罪方面被证明是非常有价值的,但它们也引起了对个人隐私和自由的关注;专家证人通过提高证词和证据的可靠性,对刑事调查做出了巨大贡献,但他们在这个过程中有意或无意产生的偏见将大大影响结果的科学性。当今世界对技术和知识的运用在各个领域都逐渐走向成熟,更加需要将技术运用的主观性缺陷提至与运用综合科学方法同等重要的地位,尤其是在当代刑事调查中。There is an intricate interplay between databases in criminal investigations and individual privacy,expert witnesses and cognitive bias.While databases,such as DNA databases,have proved invaluable in reducing and preventing crime,they also raise concerns about individual privacy and liberty;expert witnesses contribute greatly to criminal investiga-tions by enhancing the reliability of testimony and evidence,but their biases,w hether intentional or unintentional,arising:from the process,will greatly affect the scientific validity of the results.The maturing of the use of technology and knowledge in all fields in today's world reinforces the need to raise the subjective flaws in the use of technology to the same level of importance as the use of an integrated scientific approach,especially in contemporary criminal investigations.

关 键 词：刑事犯罪调查 中外对比 DNA数据库 个人隐私 专家证人 认知偏见 

分 类 号：D918[政治法律—法学]