《联合国海洋法公约》下海洋环境损害的预防性制度:规则、司法实践与进路  

The Preventive System for Marine Environmental Damage under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea:Rules,Judicial Practice and the Route

作　　者：马得懿[1] 陈璐 MA Deyi;CHEN Lu(School of International Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版）》2023年第5期27-34,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“军民融合战略下海上通道安全法治保障研究”(编号:18ZDA55)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：为防范海洋环境损害风险,海洋环境损害的救济措施已尝试从事后赔偿机制提前到事中甚至是事前,海洋环境损害预防性制度就此在立法和司法层面显现。在依托《联合国海洋法公约》第12部分搭建的海洋环境损害预防性制度框架下,国际司法机构强化了预防性制度体系中的风险预防、审慎义务等原则性规定;同时通过创新性的临时措施程序确保环境影响评价、协商合作等程序性义务的履行。未来国际海洋环境治理应更加注重海洋环境损害风险的管控,进一步加深对《联合国海洋法公约》条款的整体性、体系化理解,在实践中发挥国际裁判机构的司法能动性,明晰海洋环境损害预防性义务并合理运用临时措施保障海洋环境影响评价等程序性义务的履行。In order to prevent the risk of marine environmental damage,an attempt is made to bring forward the remedy measures for marine environmental damage from the post compensation mechanism to the in-process,and even to the beforehand ones.The preventive system for marine environment has been shown at the legislative and judicial levels.Under the framework of the preventive system for marine environmental damage established on the basis of Part XII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,international judicial bodies have strengthened such principle regulations as the risk aversion and the cautious obligation in the preventive institutional system.At the same time,innovative provisional measures are implemented to ensure the fulfillment of procedural obligations such as environmental impact assessment,consultation,and cooperation.In the future,international marine environmental governance should pay more attention to the management and control of marine environmental damage risks so as to further deepen the holistic and systematic understanding of the provisions in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,thus giving play to the the judicial initiative of international adjudication institutions in practice to clarify preventive obligations and reasonably using provisional measures to safeguard the performance of such procedural obligations as marine environmental impact assessment.

关 键 词：海洋环境损害 预防性制度 风险预防 环境影响评价 临时措施 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]