石蜡基原油直接催化裂解制低碳烯烃新型炼化工艺的开发  

Development of a new refining process for direct catalytic cracking of paraffin based crude oil to produce light olefins

作　　者：刘美佳 王刚[1] 张忠东 何盛宝 高金森[1] LIU Meijia;WANG Gang;ZHANG Zhongdong;HE Shengbao;GAO Jinsen(State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Petrochemical Research Institute,PetroChina,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)重质油国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油石油化工研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第10期5191-5199,共9页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技开发项目(2020B-2012,2022ZS27);国家自然科学基金(22178385)。

摘　　要：随着我国炼油产能过剩,而“三烯”等基本化工原料的需求增加,开发原油直接催化裂解制低碳烯烃工艺对实现炼油企业的炼化一体化转型具有重要的意义。本文首先介绍了原油烃分子的结构特点,得出石蜡基原油中约74%的组分为可直接裂化,是炼油工业主要产品从车用燃料升级为基础化工产品的理想油源。然后结合原油中轻、重馏分烃分子的裂解性能区别,阐述了目前的催化裂解加工策略,提出了“快速床+湍动床”的耦合流化床型催化裂解反应器,以提供差异结构烃分子共深度高效转化的催化环境,为全馏分石蜡基原油的高选择性转化、实现石蜡基原油从馏分产品向分子产品转型提供了新的技术路径。With the excess refining capacity in China and the increasing demand for basic chemical raw materials such as“three olefins”,the development of the direct catalytic cracking of crude oil to produce light olefins is of great significance for refining enterprises to realize the refining and chemical integration.This paper firstly introduced the structural characteristics of hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil,and concluded that about 74%of the components in paraffin-based crude oil are of directly crackable structure.Therefore,paraffin-based crude oil is an ideal oil source for upgrading the main products of the refining industry from vehicle fuels to basic chemical products.Then,the current catalytic cracking processing strategy is elaborated with the difference of cracking performance between the light and heavy fractions in crude oil,and a coupled catalytic cracking reactor of fluidized bed type with“fast bed+turbulent bed”is proposed to provide a catalytic environment for the co-depth and efficient conversion of hydrocarbon molecules with different structures,which will provide a new technological path for the highly selective conversion of full fraction paraffin-based crude oil and the product transformation of paraffin-based crude oil from fractions to molecules.

关 键 词：石油 催化裂解 低碳烯烃 流化床 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TQ221[化学工程—有机化工]