超疏水海绵的简易制备及其高效油/水分离性能  

Facile synthesis of superhydrophobic sponge for efficient separation of oil/water mixture

作　　者：路涛 胡嘉怡 徐成 胡鑫琳 郭庆阳 李朦 LU Tao;HU Jiayi;XU Cheng;HU Xinlin;GUO Qingyang;LI Meng(School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Technological University,Xi’an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Xi’an Bairuinuo Electromechanical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710025,Shaanxi,China;School of Mechatronic Engineering,Xi’an Technological University,Xi’an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工业大学材料与化工学院,陕西西安710021 [2]西安百瑞诺机电科技有限公司,陕西西安710025 [3]西安工业大学机电工程学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第10期5353-5362,共10页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52303065);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划(21JK0685);西安工业大学2022年省级大创项目(S202210702108)。

摘　　要：使用无氟疏水二氧化硅(SH-SiO_(2))/羟基丙烯酸树脂复合涂料(SPAC)对三聚氰胺海绵(MS)进行疏水改性,实现了超疏水海绵(SMS)的简单、无氟、成本低且可大规模化生产。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、水接触角(WCA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学性能测试分析了疏水改性前后海绵的组成、结构、性能和润湿性的变化;通过溶剂吸附量、循环利用、连续分离、乳液分离测试系统研究了SMS的油/水分离性能。研究结果表明:制备的SMS具有优异的油/有机溶剂吸附能力(可达自身质量的76~170倍)、重复利用性(经30次吸附-挤压-加热循环后吸附能力未明显降低)、连续从水体系中分离油/有机溶剂的能力以及分离含有表面活性剂的油包水型乳液的能力(分离效率>98%)。这归因于SMS独特的低密度(ρ约为8.1mg/cm^(3))、高孔隙率(99.48%)结构和选择吸附性的协同作用,为其在溢油处理和环境修复领域应用奠定了基础。The hydrophobic modification for melamine sponge(MS)was achieved with fluorine-free hydrophobic silica(SH-SiO_(2))/hydroxy acrylic resin composite coating(SPAC),which was facile,eco friendly,cost-effective and scalable.The changes in composition,structure,properties and wettability of the sponge before and after hydrophobic modification were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),water contact angle(WCA),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and mechanical properties test.The oil/water separation performance of SMS was investigated systematically via the tests of solvent adsorption,recycling,continuous separation and emulsion separation.The results indicated that the as-prepared SMS showed excellent oils/organic solvents sorption capacity(up to 76-170 times its own weight)and outstanding recyclability after 30 cycles of absorption-squeezing-heating.Additionally,the SMS can be utilized as a high-efficient adsorbent for continuous oil/water separation and was capable of separating surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions.These excellent properties were attributed to the synergistic effect of the unique low density(ρabout 8.1mg/cm^(3)),high porosity(99.48%)structure and the selective adsorption of SMS,which provided the basis for its application in oil spill treatment and environmental remediation.

关 键 词：超疏水 无氟 三聚氰胺海绵 油/水分离 选择吸附性 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]