复杂造山带多尺度构造变形的观测方法——来自南天山库米什地区研究的启示  

Technological approach of structural investigation of complex orogenic belts on multi-scales:Insights and experiences from Kumish region,South Tianshan,NW China

作　　者：冯乾文[1,2,3,4] FENG Qianwen(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Digital Geology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100094 [3]中国科学院新疆矿产资源研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [4]中国科学院新疆矿床与数字地质实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《地质通报》2023年第10期1706-1717,共12页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目《南天山库米什地区古生代多类型叠加变形的识别提取及其构造意义》(编号:2019D01A95);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目《天山造山带中段大规模岩墙群时空分布及其构造意义解析》(批准号:U2003107)。

摘　　要：复杂造山带的构造解析需要精准识别并融合分析多类型构造要素。为了提高构造观测的精度和效率,本文引入高分辨率卫星遥感影像解译、无人机航拍超高分辨率影像解译,以及数据综合处理等观测技术,将其与常规露头实地观测相结合,提出了多方法相结合、多尺度相衔接的地质观测技术解决方案。在南天山库米什地区的构造观测中,精细刻画了大规模蛇绿混杂岩、大型断裂及韧性剪切带、酸性和中基性岩浆活动的空间分布,并且识别出较小规模的酸性及中基性岩脉、岩体内部节理等脆性变形等。研究认为,蛇绿岩之后发育多期次岩浆活动及多类型构造变形的叠加改造。研究验证了可推广的构造变形观测技术,也为继续深入研究天山造山带演化过程提供了新证据。Structural studies of complex orogenic belts demand prompt technical solutions to distinguish and analyze different kinds of structural evidences with higher precision and efficiency.This study introduces structural interpretation techniques using high resolution images captured by satellites and ultra-high resolution images captured by UAV cameras,and data amalgamation on GIS platforms.Combination of these new techniques and conventional investigation works on field outcrops come up with an overall investigation system which combines different observation methods and interlinks different spatial scales.The effectiveness of this observation system is tested and confirmed in Kumish region,South Tianshan.Structural investigation on large to small scales in Kumish region obtained more elaborate spatial emplacements of ophiolite fragments and metamorphic rocks.The boundary shape and inner brittle fractures of the granitic pluton suggest that the granitic magma intrusion was later than regional collision and ductile deformations.Different sized granitic and mafic veins reveal multi-phases of magma intrusions and deformations overprinted on ophiolite.Technical application and region study not only obtain more special evidences regard as orogenic evolution processes of Tianshan Orogenic Belt,but also provide new technical solutions which can be spread to other complex orogenic belts.

关 键 词：天山造山带 库米什地区 构造变形 遥感解译 无人机航拍技术 

分 类 号：P54[天文地球—构造地质学] P623.2[天文地球—地质学] P627