空间目标态势感知及多源数据融合技术发展与应用  

Development and Application of Space Target Situation Awareness and Multi-source Data Fusion

作　　者：高欣[1] 赵志远 银鸿 孙迎萍[1] 史亮[1] 王鹢[1] GAO Xin;ZHAO Zhiyuan;YIN Hong;SUN Yingping;SHI Liang;WANG Yi(Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《真空与低温》2023年第6期543-554,共12页Vacuum and Cryogenics

摘　　要：天基空间目标态势感知系统作为空间威胁目标运动状态监测和特性测量的重要手段,与地面感知手段相比,具有独特优势,成为当今世界航天领域的发展热点。面对空间杂光背景噪声干扰下远距离空间暗弱目标与隐身、伪装等复杂目标精确识别与测量的感知需求,依靠单一的空间态势感知手段远远不能满足未来空间对抗的发展需求。多传感器数据融合技术能弥补单个传感器感知能力的不足,使它们发挥各自的优势,形成对空间目标态势情形更加清晰、完整的多维感知描述,在扩展目标感知信息的时空覆盖性、增强目标识别能力与降低误检率方面具有明显优势。在分析主要航天国家空间目标态势感知能力及态势感知信息融合技术发展现状基础上,研究梳理相关技术与装备发展情况、未来发展趋势,并给出空间目标态势感知数据融合应用实例,最后提出我国太空态势感知系统发展的启示和建议,为我国发展天基空间目标态势感知和多源数据融合技术,加快构建天基空间态势感知一体化技术体系提供参考。The space-based target situational awareness system,as an important means of monitoring the motion status and characteristic measurement of space threat targets,has unique advantages compared to ground situational awareness methods and has become a hot development topic in the world's aerospace field.In the face of the perception demand for accurate recognition and measurement of dim targets,stealth,camouflage and other complex targets in remote space under the interference of space background noise,relying on a single means of space situational awareness is far from meeting the development demand of future space confrontation.Multi sensor data fusion technology can make up for the lack of perception ability between different sensors,give their respective advantages,and form a clearer and more complete multi-dimensional perception description of the situation of space targets.It has obvious advantages in expanding the space-time coverage of target perception information,enhancing target recognition ability and reducing false detection rate.Based on the analysis of the current development status of space target situational awareness capabilities and situational awareness information fusion technology in major aerospace countries.this article summarizes the development status,future progress and trends of relevant technologies and equipment,and provides examples of spatial situational awareness data fusion applications.Finally,it proposes suggestions for the development of China's space situational awareness system,which will contribute to the development of space-based space target situational awareness and multi-source data fusion technology,accelerating the construction of an integrated technology system for spatial situational awareness to provide reference.

关 键 词：态势感知 数据融合 空间目标 多传感器 空间安全 

分 类 号：V447[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TP73[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]