某体温计制造企业职业健康风险评估研究  

Study on occupational health risk assessment of a thermometer manufacturer

作　　者：张宏群[1] 郭俊[2] 冯宇梦 ZHANG Hongqun;GUO Jun;FENG Yumeng(Department of Occupational and Radiological Health,Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yancheng Jiangsu,224000,China;Health Surveillance Division,Yandu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yancheng Jiangsu,224003,China)

机构地区：[1]盐城市疾病预防控制中心职放科,江苏盐城224000 [2]盐城市盐都区疾病预防控制中心卫生科,江苏盐城224003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第18期2449-2455,共7页Occupation and Health

基　　金：江苏省“333工程”科研项目(BRA2018398);国家重点职业病监测项目;盐城市医学科技发展计划项目(YK2019018)。

摘　　要：目的探讨温度计制造企业职业健康风险评估的最优化模型。方法2021年7—10月,选择某温度计制造企业作为研究对象,运用GBZ/T 298—2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估导则》综合指数法、美国环境保护局吸入风险定量风险评估方法(supplemental guidance for inhalation risk assessment of environmental protection agency America,EPA)、新加坡有害化学物质职业接触风险评估方法(risk assessment method for occupational exposure to harmful chemicals of ministry of manpower Singapore,MOM)、国际采矿和金属委员会职业健康风险评估操作指南(good practice guidance on occupational health risk assessment of international council on mining and metals,ICMM)、澳大利亚昆士兰大学职业健康与安全风险评估管理导则(occupational health risk assessment and management guideline of Queensland Australia,Australia)、罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法(risk assessment method for occupational accidents and diseases of ministry of labor and social protection department Romania,MLSP)、英国健康与安全执行局危险物质危害控制规程(control of substances hazardous to health essentials for Health and Safety Executive England,COSHH)等7种方法分别进行职业健康风险评估,同时引入归一化风险比值(normalized risk ratio,NRR)进行比较,分析各模型评估结果的异同性。结果该企业涉汞岗位空气汞浓度均超过职业接触限值,存在职业健康高风险隐患。综合指数法和ICMM、MOM模型的风险等级是高风险(4级),与专家会商法一致,低于EPA的极高风险(5级),高于Australian、COSHH的中等风险(3级)和MLSP的低风险(3级)。综合指数法模型的归一化风险比值与MOM、ICMM一致性为一般(Kappa=0.286,P<0.05),差异均无统计学意义(Z=-1.622、-0.816,均P>0.05);Australia和ICMM一致性为一般(Kappa=0.211,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.317,P<0.05);Australia和COSHH一致性为较差(KappaObjective To explore the optimal model of occupational health risk assessment in thermometer manufacturing enterprises.Methods A thermometer manufacturing enterprise was taken as a research sample,and seven models,including Composite-Index of GBZ/T 298-2017 Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemical hazards in the workplace,supplemental guidance for inhalation risk assessment of environmental protection agency America(EPA),risk assessment method for occupational exposure to harmful chemicals of ministry of manpower Singapore(MOM),good practice guidance on occupational health risk assessment of international council on mining and metals(ICMM),occupational health risk assessment and management guideline of Queensland Australia(Australia),risk assessment method for occupational accidents and diseases of ministry of labor and social protection department Romania(MLSP),and control of substances hazardous to health essentials for Health and Safety Executive England(COSHH),were used to evaluate occupational health risks between July and October 2021.The normalized risk ratio(NRR)was used to quantitatively compare each model and analyze the similarities and differences of the evaluation results of these models.Results All the mercury concentrations in the air of mercury exposed positions in this enterprise were detected to be higher than that of occupational exposure limit(OEL),and all these positions were assessed to have high occupational health risks.The risk assessment results of comprehensive index method,ICMM and MOM were high risk(grade 4),which was consistent with that of expert consultation method,lower than EPA's extremely high risk(grade 5),but higher than Australian's,COSHH's medium risk(grade 3)and MLSP's low risk(grade 3).The consistence of NRR of the comprehensive index method to MOM and ICMM was general(Kappa=0.286,P<0.05),and the difference was not statistically significant(Z=-1.622,-0.816,P>0.05).The consistence of Australia and ICMM was general(Kappa=0.211,P<0.05),and difference was

关 键 词：温度计 评估模型 风险评估 汞 职业健康 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]