印度海外公民权益保护机制探析  

Analysis of the Protection Mechanism for the Rights and Interests of Overseas Indian Citizens

作　　者：夏莉萍[1] XIA Liping

机构地区：[1]外交学院外交学与外事管理系,北京100037

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2023年第5期103-127,I0004,I0005,共27页Foreign Affairs Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大课题“完善我国领事保护制度研究”(项目编号:20&ZD206)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全球化背景下,世界主要国家都肩负着保护海外公民权益的重任。海外公民国籍国属人管辖权和东道国属地管辖权之间的竞合,以及政府保护资源有限性和海外公民保护需求无限性之间的矛盾,成为各国保护海外公民权益的共同挑战。印度是人口众多的发展中大国,有着规模庞大的海外公民群体。印度政府为了保护以海外劳工为主体海外公民的权益,形成了具有印度特点的海外公民权益保护的国内机制和国际机制。其国内机制包括避免和减少海外公民权益受损的强制性预防机制,以及海外公民权益受损后的申诉、处罚和救助机制。同时,印度积极创建并参与双边和多边合作机制,通过“软硬结合”的方式利用国际机制保护海外印度公民权益。印度海外公民权益保护机制的建立与印度对大国战略目标的追求密不可分。分析印度海外公民权益保护机制建设的经验具有重要的启示意义。In the context of globalization,major countries around the world shoulder heavy responsibility of protecting the rights and interests of overseas citizens.The competition between the jurisdiction of the state of nationality of overseas citizens and the jurisdiction of their host country,as well as the contradiction between the limited protection resources of the government and the unlimited protection needs of overseas citizens,have become common challenges for all countries.India is a populous developing country with a large population of overseas citizen.The Indian government has established domestic and international mechanisms with Indian characteristics for protecting the rights and interests of overseas citizens,mainly composed of migrant workers.Its domestic mechanisms include mandatory prevention mechanisms to avoid and reduce damage to the rights and interests of overseas citizens,as well as mechanisms for appeal,punishment,and assistance in the cases of the infringement on the rights and interests of overseas citizens.At the same time,India actively creates and participates in bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms to protect the rights and interests of Indian overseas citizens through combining soft and hard measures.mechanism is closely related to India's strategic goals as a major country.The analysis of such mechanism has important implications.

关 键 词：印度 海外公民权益保护 海外劳工 海外利益 移民 

分 类 号：D835.1[政治法律—政治学] D998.2[政治法律—外交学]