国际争端解决机制的司法化困境及其改革进路  

The Judicialization Dilemma of the International Dispute Settlement Mechanisms and the Way Forward

作　　者：杲沈洁 肖冰[1] GAO Shenjie;XIAO Bing

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,南京210000

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2023年第5期128-154,I0005,共28页Foreign Affairs Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国对外经济制裁的国内法治与涉外法治互动机制建设研究”(项目编号:21BFX146)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：无论是WTO上诉机构的存废僵局,还是国际法院的信任危机,又或是ISDS机制修正方案之争,国际争端解决机制的改革焦点均集中于司法化问题。规范结构在行为体的互动中建构,也在其中被解构或重构,对应形成规范演化的正向进化与逆向退化两种路径。从历史发展和国际体系视角观察,国际争端解决机制的司法化也存在进化与退化交替更迭的现象并具有周期性。国际社会的法治追求以及国际体系内部结构变化,引发国际争端解决机制司法化的强化与弱化变动。同时,平权格局下大国的选择则会影响国际争端解决机制司法化强弱演变的周期性。因应当下国际争端解决机制变革,对于国际社会,坚持法治理想与兼顾利益现实应是必然选择。一是恪守法治化方向,在法治化轨道上推进改革进程。二是积极探寻包容性改革进路,建构反映多元化、差异性利益主体间最大公约数的规范制度。三是充分发挥国际机制能动性,在实现司法功能动态平衡的同时,有效解决国际司法退化的周期性问题。中国应冷静应对少边主义,主动融入高水平规范体系,提升在新一轮国际规范体制变革中的话语权,有效应对美欧歧视、边缘化中国的“脱钩”和“规锁”。Whether it is the stalemate in reforming the WTO Appellate Body,the trust crisis in the International Court of Justice,or the debate around the amendment of the Investor-State Dispute Settlement mechanism,the key concern of the international dispute settlement mechanism reform lies in the issue of judicialization.Normative structures are constructed,deconstructed,or reconstructed through the interaction of actors,corresponding to the two paths of norm evolution:positive evolution and negative degradation.From a historical and international perspective,the judicialization of the international dispute settlement mechanisms is also cyclical,with alternating phases of evolution and degradation.The international community's pursuit of the rule of law and the changes in the global system's internal structure have triggered the strengthening and weakening of the judicialization of international dispute settlement mechanisms.Meanwhile,under the"Equal Rights"structure,the choice of major powers impacts the cyclical evolution of the judicialization of the international dispute settlement mechanisms.To respond to the reformations of the international dispute settlement mechanisms,the international community must uphold the ideal of the rule of law on the one hand and take into account the reality of interests on the other.First of all,the principle of rule of law shall be abided by and the reform process promoted accordingly.Then,the path towards inclusive reform shall be actively explored,to establish a normative system that reflects the common factors among subjects with diverse and distinct interests.Last but not least,international mechanisms shall give full play to their dynamism to effectively address the cyclical issue of the degradation of international justice while achieving a dynamic balance of judicial functions.China should respond with sobriety to minilateralism,proactively integrate itself into the high-level normative system,enhance its voice in the new round of change of the international normative system,a

关 键 词：国际争端解决机制 司法化 世界贸易组织 国际法院 投资者—东道国争端解决 

分 类 号：D994[政治法律—国际法学] D996[政治法律—法学]