国家目标条款的规范力——以德国宪法为借镜  

The Normative Force of National Target Clauses——Taking the German Constitution as A Mirror

作　　者：段沁 DUAN Qin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]德国慕尼黑大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2023年第5期128-145,共18页China Law Review

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“国家治理现代化背景下保证宪法全面实施制度体系研究”(批准号:23ZDA074)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国合宪性审查的实践,激活了对宪法中国家目标条款的适用,也设定了建构国家目标条款解释方案的学术任务。国家目标条款语言上的开放性并不否定其法规范性。从仅具宣示性的纯粹纲领,到对立法具有定向指示作用、对行政和司法具有解释参照作用的约束性条款,国家目标条款的规范力呈现出递增的趋势,表现为其规范作用进路的不断创新。实务上新进的发展,重新将国家目标条款嵌入防御权的审查框架:一方面继续发掘其规范内核,通过法律的宪法化对其进行形成性延伸;另一方面阐明其在合比例性要求上与基本权利的耦合,在主观性宪法诉讼中密植其规范内涵,提升其作为宪法规范的约束功能。此种经验启示我们,应既注重宪法文本内部体系的协调融贯,又注重宪法诫命与相应社会领域自身结构规律的交互影响,不断创设新的路径和工具,为正在成长中的国家目标条款规范性提供理论支撑。The practice of constitutional review in China not only activates the application of national target clauses in the constitution,but also sets the academic task of constructing the interpretation scheme of national target clauses.The openness of the language of the national target clause does not deny its normative nature.From a purely declarative program to a binding clause that has a directive effect on legislation and an explanatory reference effect on Administration and justice,the normative intensity of the national target clause shows an increasing trend,which is reflected in the continuous innovation of its normative approach.The new development in practice has re-embedded the national target clause into the review framework of the right to defense:on the one hand,to continue exploring its normative core and extend it through the constitutionalization of the law;on the other hand,to clarify its coupling with basic rights in the requirement of proportionality,plant its normative connotation in the subjective constitutional litigation and improve its binding function as a constitutional norm.This experience enlightens us that we should not only pay attention to the coordination and integration of the internal system of the constitutional text,but also pay attention to the interaction between the constitutional commandments and the structural laws of the corresponding social fields,and constantly create new paths and tools to provide theoretical support for the growing normativity of the national target clauses.

关 键 词：国家目标条款 规范力 核心发掘 法律宪法化 气候裁定 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD911D921