减氮方式对不同穗型粳稻产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Different Panicle Type

作　　者：顾汉柱 王琛 吴昊 张瑛 肖治林 景文疆 张耗 GU Hanzhu;WANG Chen;WU Hao;ZHANG Ying;XIAO Zhilin;JING Wenjiang;ZHANG Hao(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物研究》2023年第5期448-460,共13页Crop Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071944);江苏省六大人才高峰高层次人才项目(SWYY-151);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：为探究氮肥减施策略对不同穗型粳稻产量和品质的影响,于2020年在江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所实验基地以丰粳3227(大穗型)、淮稻5号(中穗型)和扬辐粳8号(小穗型)为试验材料,设置N1(不施氮肥)、N2(当地常规)、N3(基肥减总氮10%)、N4(分蘖肥减总氮10%)、N5(促花肥减总氮10%)、N6(保花肥减总氮10%)、N7(基肥减总氮20%)、N8(分蘖肥减总氮20%)、N9(促花肥减总氮20%)、N10(保花肥减总氮20%)、N11(均衡减总氮10%)、N12(均衡减总氮20%)共12个处理,对不同品种不同处理粳稻的产量和品质进行比较分析。结果表明:大穗型品种丰粳3227在N5处理下、中穗型品种淮稻5号在N11处理下、小穗型品种扬辐粳8号在N6处理下能保持较高的产量,且均与N2处理差异不显著,而其他处理产量均显著低于N2处理。与N2相比,3个品种在上述处理下的茎蘖成穗率、粒叶比、光合势和干物质积累量并未显著降低,且其加工品质、外观品质以及营养与蒸煮食味品质均显著提高。综合来看,针对不同穗型粳稻的氮肥适量减施策略可以改善水稻群体生长和提高稻米品质,在保持高产的同时实现优质。In order to explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction strategy on yield and quality of Japonica rice with di-fferent panicle types,three japonica rice varieties with different panicle types,Fengjing 3227(large panicle type),Huaidao No.5(medium panicle type)and Yangfujing No.8(small panicle type),were used as experimental materials under field conditions.A total of 12 nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up which were N1(no nitrogen fertilizer),N2(local conventional),N3(base fertilizer reduced total nitrogen by 10%),N4(tillering fertilizer reduced total nitrogen by 10%),N5(flowering fertilizer reduced total nitrogen by 10%),N6(flowering fertilizer reduced total nitrogen by 10%),N7(base fertilizer reduced total nitrogen by 20%),N8(tillering fertilizer reduced total nitrogen by 20%),N9(flowering fertilizer reduced total nitrogen by 20%),N10(flowering fertilizer reduced total nitrogen by 20%),N11(balanced reduction of total nitrogen by 10%)and N12(balanced reduction of total nitrogen by 20%).The yield,panicle rate,grain-leaf ratio,photosynthetic potential,dry matter accumulation,brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head rice rate,chalky grain rate,chalky area,chalkiness,protein,amylose and gel consistency of Japonica rice with different panicle types were analyzed.The results showed that the large-spike variety Fengjing 3227 could maintain higher yield under N5(10%reduction of total nitrogen by flower-promoting fertilizer)treatment,the medium-spike variety Huaidao No.5 under N11(10%reduction of total nitrogen by balance)treatment,and the small-spike variety Yangfujing No.8 under N6(10%reduction of total nitrogen by flower-protecting fertilizer)treatment.Compared with N2,the spike rate,grain-leaf ratio,photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation of the three varieties under the above treatments were not significantly reduced,and the processing quality(brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head milled rice rate),appearance quality(chalky grain rate,chalky area and chalkiness),nutrition quality,cooking

关 键 词：粳稻 穗型 减氮 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]