鲜食玉米播种期和采收期研究  

Study on Sowing Date and the Harvest Period of Fresh Corn

作　　者：吴宇 赵俊立 常海滨[1] 黄威 胡海珍[1] WU Yu;ZHAO Junli;CHANG Haibin;HUANG Wei;HU Haizhen(Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Huanggang,Hubei 438000,China)

机构地区：[1]黄冈市农业科学院,湖北黄冈438000

出　　处：《作物研究》2023年第5期482-488,共7页Crop Research

基　　金：黄冈市科技创新专项(YBXM20220019)。

摘　　要：以冈甜1号甜玉米品种为试验材料,在鄂东南地区开展播种期和采收期试验,研究播种期对鲜食玉米生长发育进程、籽粒品质、产量的影响,和不同采收期籽粒含水量、可溶性糖含量及产量变化情况。结果表明:(1)播种期对鲜食玉米生育期、籽粒品质和产量及相关性状均有显著影响。随播期的推迟,玉米生育期、适宜采收天数先缩短后延长;春播和秋播收获时籽粒可溶性糖含量和含水量较夏播高;春播期间鲜穗产量整体平稳,平均产量最高,达13 784 kg/hm^(2),夏播平均产量最低,春播鲜穗平均产量比夏播增产35.7%。考虑鄂东南夏播期间持续高温天数较长,因此在该地区冈甜1号适宜的播种期为3月中旬至5月上旬、7月下旬至8月上旬。(2)采收期与籽粒含水量、可溶性糖含量均呈显著相关。随采收期推迟,穗长变化较小,穗粗、粒深呈上升趋势,春季鲜穗产量呈先升后降的趋势,授粉后22 d产量最高,为14 478 kg/hm^(2),秋季一直呈上升趋势后达到平台期,最高产量为11 185 kg/hm^(2)。兼顾品质、产量等因素,冈甜1号春播、秋播期间适宜采收期分别在授粉后18~24、20~26 d。In order to determine the optimum sowing date and the harvest period of the sweet corn variety Gangtian No.1 in southeast Hubei, the effect of sowing date on the growth and development process, grain quality and yield, and the dynamic change characteristics of water and soluble sugar content and yield at different harvest periods were studied, which provided a reliable basis for making cultivation measure.(1)The results showed that sowing date had significant effect on growth period, grain quality, and yield of fresh corn.With the delay of sowing date, the growth period and suitable harvesting days of maize were shortened at first and then extended.The soluble sugar content and water content of grain under spring and autumn sowing treatments were higher than that under summer sowing.The average yield of spring sowing treatments was the highest, reaching 13 784 kg/hm^(2),which was 35.7% higher than that of summer sowing treatments, which had the lowest average yield.Therefore, in this area, the suitable planting period of Gangtian No.1 was from mid-March to early May, and from late July to early August.(2)There was significant correlation between harvest date and grain water content and soluble sugar content.With the delay of harvest date, ear length changed little, ear diameter and grain length showed an increasing trend, the yield of autumn treatments showed an increasing trend and then reached the plateau, with the highest yield of 11 185 kg/hm^(2),and the yield of spring treatments showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing, and the highest yield was 14 478 kg/hm^(2) at 22 d after pollination.Taking into account the factors of quality and yield, the suitable harvest time of Gangtian No.1 during spring and autumn was 18~24 d and 20~26 d after pollination, respectively.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 播种期 采收期 冈甜1号 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]