基于叶片显微结构综合评价杏不同品种(系)的抗旱性  

Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of different apricot cultivars(lines) based on leaf microstructure

作　　者：张俊环[1] 张美玲 杨丽[1] 姜凤超[1] 于文剑 王玉柱[1] 孙浩元[1] ZHANG Junhuan;ZHANG Meiling;YANG Li;JIANG Fengchao;YU Wenjian;WANG Yuzhu;SUN Haoyuan(Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所·国家林业和草原杏工程技术研究中心·农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第11期2381-2390,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(6232011);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230118);北京市农林科学院科研创新平台建设项目(PT2023-9)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究杏不同品种间叶片解剖结构特征的差异,并据此进行抗旱性指标的筛选和综合评价,为杏抗旱性资源的高效筛选和利用提供方法。【方法】以10个抗旱性不同的杏品种(系)为材料,采用石蜡切片以及扫描电镜技术观察比较其叶片的解剖结构,测定叶片厚度、上表皮细胞厚度、下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度、叶片结构紧密度和疏松度以及叶片下表皮气孔密度共9项叶片结构指标。运用主成分分析法和隶属函数法综合评价10个杏品种(系)的抗旱能力。【结果】叶片解剖结构在品种间表现出不同程度的差异性,9个抗旱性指标在10个品种(系)间有较大差异,变异系数在10.73%~34.58%,灵敏度较高。通过主成分分析选取栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度、叶片结构紧密度和下表皮厚度这5个指标作为评价杏资源抗旱性的有效指标。对10个杏品种(系)的5项抗旱性特征指标的隶属函数值累加并求均值,该值越大代表抗旱能力越强。10个杏品种(系)的抗旱能力排序为:青密沙>G 4-25>皮乃孜>骆驼黄>串枝红>G 4-43>G 4-40>G 4-26>红金榛>大优佳。【结论】通过对叶片解剖结构数据的主成分分析和隶属函数值计算,评价并筛选到抗旱性相对较强的杏品种有青密沙、皮乃孜、骆驼黄、串枝红等,研究结果可为其他杏资源的抗旱性评价、筛选和科学利用提供参考。【Objective】The common apricot(Armeniaca.vulgaris L.)has 2000 cultivars or genotypes,but there have been few studies on drought resistance among various cultivars.There are also few reports about the evaluation of drought resistance based on leaf anatomical structure in apricot.This study aimed to establish an efficient method for drought-resistance evaluation of apricot plants and to screen out some apricot cultivars with high drought resistance.【Methods】10 apricot cultivars(accessions)with different drought-resistance were selected as materials.Paraffin sections and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the anatomical structures of leaves.Nine structural parameters were detected,which included leaf thickness(LT),thickness of upper and lower epidermis(TUE,TLE),thickness of palisade tissue(TP),thickness of spongy tissue(TS),ration of palisade and spongy(P/S),tightness of leaf tissue structure(TLTS),looseness of leaf tissue structure(LLTS),and SD.Based on these data,principal component analysis and subordinate function method were used to analyze the drought resistance of 10 apricot cultivars(accessions).【Results】There were great differences in leaf anatomical structure among different cultivars(lines).The smallest value of LT was 111.1μm,and the largest LT was 222.5μm.The TP and TS varied from 16.0μm to 63.6μm and from 52.8μm to 90.0μm,respectively.The P/S value ranged from 0.30 to 0.81.The thickness of the upper epidermal cells was higher than that of the lower epidermal cells,and the variation ranges of these two indexes were 27.7-39.7μm and 13.4-21.8μm,respectively.TLTS and LLTS ranged from 14.4%to 31.3%and from 40.5%to 54.9%,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)revealed that the stomata in apricot leaves were only distributed in the lower epidermis.Obvious difference of SD among 10 cultivars(accessions)was also observed.Luotuohuang had the highest stomata density(396 perμm2)and G 4-25 had the lowest(102 perμm2),and the coefficient of variation among the 10 cultivars(lin

关 键 词：杏 叶片 显微结构 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]