城市基础设施建设融资制度演变背景下的公园城市建设策略  

Strategy of Park City Construction Under the Background of the Evolution of Urban Infrastructure Construction Financing System

作　　者：李云超 李雄[2,3] 吴岩[1,4] 王忠杰 LI Yunchao;LI Xiong;WU Yan;WANG Zhongjie(Institute of Landscape Architecture,China Academy of Urban Planning and Design;Beijing Forestry University;Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment;College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University;China Academy of Urban Planning and Design)

机构地区：[1]中国城市规划设计研究院风景园林和景观研究分院 [2]北京林业大学 [3]北京林业大学城乡生态环境北京实验室 [4]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [5]中国城市规划设计研究院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第11期35-43,共9页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：[目的]从城市基础设施建设融资制度演变视角,厘清高速城镇化阶段和城镇化发展中后期阶段中国城市公园绿地的建设路径,分析当前公园绿地建设的可行模式,以助力公园城市建设。[方法]通过文献调查、历史研究、比较研究等方法,梳理了高速城镇化阶段的以地融资路径和城镇化发展中后期阶段的专项债融资路径的制度演变及公园绿地建设特点,并以2015—2020年成都市有关公园绿地建设专项债的发行文件为例,分析以地融资路径和专项债融资路径下公园绿地的建设差异及公园城市理念的适应性,分析公园城市理念下“场景营城、五态协同”策略与专项债融资路径的关系。[结果]1)以地融资路径与高速城镇化阶段相适应,保障了基础设施建设的资金来源和地方政府对城市建设的主导权,城市公园绿地随之高速增长。2)专项债融资路径是中央应对城镇化发展中后期的制度设计,本质上反映了对既有的、相对粗放的土地开发方式的认知深化,要求以更加精细化的模式对土地开发的长期经济效益进行预先安排和评估。3)专项债融资路径对公园绿地建设提出“项目自身平衡、长期多元偿债、项目捆绑实施、土地溢价偿债”的内在要求。4)公园城市建设理念要求进一步优化土地开发模式,提升城市的经济效益和环境水平,增强城市的区域竞争能力,与专项债融资路径需要核算长期收支平衡的思路高度匹配。5)“场景营城、五态协同”策略将公园绿地从城市建设的配套基础设施转变为城市发展的绿色触媒,进一步释放生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。[结论]公园城市理念及建设策略推动了公园绿地在生态、形态、仪态、业态和活态方面的转变,提升了自身“造血”能力,带动了周边区域的发展与融合,满足了人民群众日益增长的游憩需求,实现了生态价值的转化,适应当�[Objective]From the perspective of the evolution of the financing system for urban infrastructure construction,this research clarifies the financing and construction paths for urban park green spaces in China during the high-speed urbanization stage and the middle and later stages of urbanization development,and analyzes the feasible models for current construction of urban park green spaces,in hope of contributing to the construction of Park City in the new development stage.[Methods]Through literature review,historical research,comparative research,and other methods,this research first sorts out the evolution of the path of land-based financing in the high-speed urbanization stage after the reform and opening up and the path of special bond financing in the middle and later stages of urbanization development,and analyzes the construction characteristics of urban park green spaces under different paths.Then,taking the documents on special bonds for construction of urban park green spaces that were issued by Chengdu Municipality during the period from 2015 to 2020 as an example,the research analyzes the differences in the construction of urban park green spaces under the path of land-based financing and that of special bond financing,as well as the adaptability of the Park City concept.Finally,the research analyzes the relationship between the“scenario-based city construction and ecology-form-appearance-business format-vitality coordination”strategy and the construction path of special bond financing under the concept of Park City.[Results]1)Since the reform and opening up,China has continuously adjusted its financing system and policies for urban infrastructure construction,based on the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China,and under the constraints of the 1995 version of the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China,gradually establishing a mature and effective path of land-based financing.With the land reserve system and the sy

关 键 词：风景园林 城市公园绿地 公园城市 城市基础设施建设融资制度 地方政府专项债 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] F81[经济管理—财政学]